NUR 228 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers Rated 100%
Parkinson's disease - Answers a progressive degenerative disorder of basal ganglia function
Basal Ganglia - Answers functions with the cerebellum to make smooth, coordinated movement
Parkinsonism - Answers idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease Etiology - Answers acquired- infection, intoxication, trauma, drug-induced
Parkinson's disease Risk factors - Answers age- 70s, men, genetics, anxiety/depression, head trauma,
hysterectomy
Dopamine - Answers inhibitory neurotransmitter, message transmission, controls movement, and
balance, helps muscles work smoothly
Acetylcholine - Answers excitatory neurotransmitter, that works in balance with dopamine
Parkinson's disease Pathogenesis - Answers too much ACh in relation to dopamine loss
What is the significance of the substantia nigra - Answers cells located in the basal ganglia that produce
dopamine
Parkinson's disease classic triad - Answers tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
complications associated with Parkinson's disease - Answers dementia, depression/anxiety, decreased
mobility, drug-related complications
Basic MOA of drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease - Answers dopaminergic- enhance dopamine,
anticholinergic- block the effects of ACH
Levodopa/Sinemet MOA - Answers converts dopamine in the brain and activates dopamine receptors
Levodopa/Sinemet advantages/disadvantages - Answers most effective drug for PD, slow onset, not long
term, many AE
Levodopa/Sinemet adverse effects - Answers gradual loss of drug effect, N/V, dyskinesias, postural
hypertension, dysrhythmias, psychosis, darkened sweat/urine
Levodopa/Sinemet drug interactions - Answers decreased effects- vitamin B6 antipsychotics, protein
increased effects: carbidopa, anticholinergics, MAO inhibitors
Duopa MOA - Answers Infusion form of carbidopa/levodopa
Duopa adverse effects - Answers drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, hallucinations, unusual urges,
depression, dyskinesia
, Duopa drug interactions - Answers nonselective MAOI, Anti-HTN, antipsychotics, isoniazid, vitamins,
high protein
Pramipexole (Mirapex) MOA - Answers binds with D2 receptors
Pramipexole (Mirapex) advantages/disadvantages - Answers monotherapy in early PD
Pramipexole (Mirapex) adverse effects - Answers nausea, sleep attacks, unusual urges/impulse control
ropinirole (Requip) MOA - Answers dopamine receptor agonist for idiopathic PD
Other dopamine agonists - Answers Rotigotine (Neupro), Apomorphine (Apokyn)
Describe why Levodopa and Sinemet are given together - Answers Levodopa increases the dopamine,
carbidopa blocks the destruction of levadopa.
MAO-B inhibitors - Answers only degrades dopamine- rasagiline, selegiline
MAO-A inhibitors - Answers non-selective and degrades other substances as well
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) - Answers autoimmune disease characterized by fluctuating weakness of
certain muscle groups
MG Risk factors - Answers women, age 10-65
MG Pathogenesis - Answers antibodies attack ACH receptors, preventing the stimulation of muscle
contraction
MG clinical manifestations - Answers fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscle- eyes, face, speaking and
breathing
myasthenic crisis - Answers acute exacerbation of muscle weakness
cholinergic crisis - Answers extreme muscle weakness or paralysis
Name the 2 classes of drugs that are used to treat MG - Answers immunosuppressants (Steriods),
cholinesterase inhibitors
- Answers
Neostigmin (Prostigmin) Classification - Answers cholinesterase inhibitor
Neostigmin (Prostigmin) Indication - Answers myasthenia gravis
Neostigmin (Prostigmin) MOA - Answers prevent inactivation of ACH, intensify effects of ACH released
Neostigmin (Prostigmin) Nicotinic adverse effects - Answers therapeutic dose- increased muscle
contraction, toxic dose- reduced muscle contraction
Parkinson's disease - Answers a progressive degenerative disorder of basal ganglia function
Basal Ganglia - Answers functions with the cerebellum to make smooth, coordinated movement
Parkinsonism - Answers idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease Etiology - Answers acquired- infection, intoxication, trauma, drug-induced
Parkinson's disease Risk factors - Answers age- 70s, men, genetics, anxiety/depression, head trauma,
hysterectomy
Dopamine - Answers inhibitory neurotransmitter, message transmission, controls movement, and
balance, helps muscles work smoothly
Acetylcholine - Answers excitatory neurotransmitter, that works in balance with dopamine
Parkinson's disease Pathogenesis - Answers too much ACh in relation to dopamine loss
What is the significance of the substantia nigra - Answers cells located in the basal ganglia that produce
dopamine
Parkinson's disease classic triad - Answers tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
complications associated with Parkinson's disease - Answers dementia, depression/anxiety, decreased
mobility, drug-related complications
Basic MOA of drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease - Answers dopaminergic- enhance dopamine,
anticholinergic- block the effects of ACH
Levodopa/Sinemet MOA - Answers converts dopamine in the brain and activates dopamine receptors
Levodopa/Sinemet advantages/disadvantages - Answers most effective drug for PD, slow onset, not long
term, many AE
Levodopa/Sinemet adverse effects - Answers gradual loss of drug effect, N/V, dyskinesias, postural
hypertension, dysrhythmias, psychosis, darkened sweat/urine
Levodopa/Sinemet drug interactions - Answers decreased effects- vitamin B6 antipsychotics, protein
increased effects: carbidopa, anticholinergics, MAO inhibitors
Duopa MOA - Answers Infusion form of carbidopa/levodopa
Duopa adverse effects - Answers drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, hallucinations, unusual urges,
depression, dyskinesia
, Duopa drug interactions - Answers nonselective MAOI, Anti-HTN, antipsychotics, isoniazid, vitamins,
high protein
Pramipexole (Mirapex) MOA - Answers binds with D2 receptors
Pramipexole (Mirapex) advantages/disadvantages - Answers monotherapy in early PD
Pramipexole (Mirapex) adverse effects - Answers nausea, sleep attacks, unusual urges/impulse control
ropinirole (Requip) MOA - Answers dopamine receptor agonist for idiopathic PD
Other dopamine agonists - Answers Rotigotine (Neupro), Apomorphine (Apokyn)
Describe why Levodopa and Sinemet are given together - Answers Levodopa increases the dopamine,
carbidopa blocks the destruction of levadopa.
MAO-B inhibitors - Answers only degrades dopamine- rasagiline, selegiline
MAO-A inhibitors - Answers non-selective and degrades other substances as well
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) - Answers autoimmune disease characterized by fluctuating weakness of
certain muscle groups
MG Risk factors - Answers women, age 10-65
MG Pathogenesis - Answers antibodies attack ACH receptors, preventing the stimulation of muscle
contraction
MG clinical manifestations - Answers fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscle- eyes, face, speaking and
breathing
myasthenic crisis - Answers acute exacerbation of muscle weakness
cholinergic crisis - Answers extreme muscle weakness or paralysis
Name the 2 classes of drugs that are used to treat MG - Answers immunosuppressants (Steriods),
cholinesterase inhibitors
- Answers
Neostigmin (Prostigmin) Classification - Answers cholinesterase inhibitor
Neostigmin (Prostigmin) Indication - Answers myasthenia gravis
Neostigmin (Prostigmin) MOA - Answers prevent inactivation of ACH, intensify effects of ACH released
Neostigmin (Prostigmin) Nicotinic adverse effects - Answers therapeutic dose- increased muscle
contraction, toxic dose- reduced muscle contraction
