NURS 3366: Patho Exam 1
study of functions and processes that
Physiology occur in the body, mostly NORMAL
processes
the study of underlying changes in body
Pathophysiology physiology that result from disease of in-
jury
maintenance of constant conditions in
Homeostasis
the body's internal environment
the return to homeostasis after being
Compensation
challenged by a stressor
compensation is achieved by the body's
Compensatory mechanisms
use of control mechanisms
the failure to compensate, adapt, heal,
Decompensation
etc
factors that contribute to and/or increase
risk factors
probability that a disease will occur
heredity, age, ethnicity, lifestyle (smok-
Examples of risk factors
ing, eating habits, etc), environment
a condition or event that triggers a patho-
Precipitating factor
logic event or disorder
the cause of a disease; includes all fac-
Etiology tors that contribute to the development of
disease
Idiopathic disease with unidentifiable cause
iatrogenic problem occurs as result of medical treatment
result as consequence of being in a hos-
nosocomial problems
pital environment
the demonstration of the presence of a
clinical manifestations
sign and/or symptom of a disease
manifestations that can be objectively
signs
identified by a trained observer
symptoms
,NURS 3366: Patho Exam 1
subjective manifestations that can only
be reported by the person experiencing
them (pain, nausea, fatigue)
redness, swelling, heat, rash, & lym-
example of local S&S
phadenopathy in a particular area
fever, urticaria (hives), malaise ("I feel
example of systemic S&S dragged out" or "awful all over"), sys-
temic lymphadenopathy
fairly rapid appearance of S&S of dz
acute S&S (over a day to several days); usually last
only a short time
develop more slowly; S&S are often in-
sidious and
chronic S&S
last longer and/or wax and wane over
months or years.
periods when S&S disappear or diminish
remissions
significantly (wane)
periods when the symptoms become
exacerbations
worse or more severe (wax)
usually refers to a problem, situation, etc,
central that is occurring towards the center, or
"core" of the body
refers to a problem, situation, etc, that is
peripheral or periphery occurring towards the outer parts of the
body, away from the core
the predicted outcome of a dz based on
prognosis
certain factors
sequela aftermath of a disease
a segment of a DNA molecule that is
composed of an ordered sequence of
gene
nucleotide bases (adenine, guanine, cy-
tosine, thymine)
coding for synthesis of proteins that form
main functions of genes
our traits and functional characteristics
chromosome
, NURS 3366: Patho Exam 1
a sequence of nucleotide bases forms a
gene; genes make up a DNA molecule,
and that DNA molecule forms into a spe-
cialized shape
autosomal not sex chromosomes
low BP plus S&S of not getting enough
shock
blood to different parts of the body
overall genetic composition. refers to a
genotype
specific set of alleles
a person's observable characteristics as
Phenotype
determined by genes and environment
a disease caused by abnormalities in an
genetic disorders
individual's genetic material
a combination of environmental triggers
multifactorial genetic disorders and variations /mutations of genes plus
sometimes inherited tendencies.
any influence- eg, drugs, radiation, virus-
teratogen
es that can cause congenital defects
abnormalities that are either detectable
congenital defects (teratogenic disor-
at birth and/or can be attributed to fetal
ders)
development "glitches"
occurs because toxicity of alcohol caus-
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) es gene mutations during gestational de-
velopment
born with abnormal arms and legs due to
thalidomide babies mothers taking the drug thalidomide for
nausea during early pregnancy
a type of genetic disorder that results
from alterations to the numbers or struc-
ture of a chromosome, which in turn al-
chromosomal disorders ters the "local" genes--the genes' func-
tionality is disrupted and they don't code
proteins correctly, giving rise to the phe-
notype (S&S) of the disorder
Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
study of functions and processes that
Physiology occur in the body, mostly NORMAL
processes
the study of underlying changes in body
Pathophysiology physiology that result from disease of in-
jury
maintenance of constant conditions in
Homeostasis
the body's internal environment
the return to homeostasis after being
Compensation
challenged by a stressor
compensation is achieved by the body's
Compensatory mechanisms
use of control mechanisms
the failure to compensate, adapt, heal,
Decompensation
etc
factors that contribute to and/or increase
risk factors
probability that a disease will occur
heredity, age, ethnicity, lifestyle (smok-
Examples of risk factors
ing, eating habits, etc), environment
a condition or event that triggers a patho-
Precipitating factor
logic event or disorder
the cause of a disease; includes all fac-
Etiology tors that contribute to the development of
disease
Idiopathic disease with unidentifiable cause
iatrogenic problem occurs as result of medical treatment
result as consequence of being in a hos-
nosocomial problems
pital environment
the demonstration of the presence of a
clinical manifestations
sign and/or symptom of a disease
manifestations that can be objectively
signs
identified by a trained observer
symptoms
,NURS 3366: Patho Exam 1
subjective manifestations that can only
be reported by the person experiencing
them (pain, nausea, fatigue)
redness, swelling, heat, rash, & lym-
example of local S&S
phadenopathy in a particular area
fever, urticaria (hives), malaise ("I feel
example of systemic S&S dragged out" or "awful all over"), sys-
temic lymphadenopathy
fairly rapid appearance of S&S of dz
acute S&S (over a day to several days); usually last
only a short time
develop more slowly; S&S are often in-
sidious and
chronic S&S
last longer and/or wax and wane over
months or years.
periods when S&S disappear or diminish
remissions
significantly (wane)
periods when the symptoms become
exacerbations
worse or more severe (wax)
usually refers to a problem, situation, etc,
central that is occurring towards the center, or
"core" of the body
refers to a problem, situation, etc, that is
peripheral or periphery occurring towards the outer parts of the
body, away from the core
the predicted outcome of a dz based on
prognosis
certain factors
sequela aftermath of a disease
a segment of a DNA molecule that is
composed of an ordered sequence of
gene
nucleotide bases (adenine, guanine, cy-
tosine, thymine)
coding for synthesis of proteins that form
main functions of genes
our traits and functional characteristics
chromosome
, NURS 3366: Patho Exam 1
a sequence of nucleotide bases forms a
gene; genes make up a DNA molecule,
and that DNA molecule forms into a spe-
cialized shape
autosomal not sex chromosomes
low BP plus S&S of not getting enough
shock
blood to different parts of the body
overall genetic composition. refers to a
genotype
specific set of alleles
a person's observable characteristics as
Phenotype
determined by genes and environment
a disease caused by abnormalities in an
genetic disorders
individual's genetic material
a combination of environmental triggers
multifactorial genetic disorders and variations /mutations of genes plus
sometimes inherited tendencies.
any influence- eg, drugs, radiation, virus-
teratogen
es that can cause congenital defects
abnormalities that are either detectable
congenital defects (teratogenic disor-
at birth and/or can be attributed to fetal
ders)
development "glitches"
occurs because toxicity of alcohol caus-
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) es gene mutations during gestational de-
velopment
born with abnormal arms and legs due to
thalidomide babies mothers taking the drug thalidomide for
nausea during early pregnancy
a type of genetic disorder that results
from alterations to the numbers or struc-
ture of a chromosome, which in turn al-
chromosomal disorders ters the "local" genes--the genes' func-
tionality is disrupted and they don't code
proteins correctly, giving rise to the phe-
notype (S&S) of the disorder
Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
