Pathophysiology - BIOD 331 - Module 1
Exam Practice Latest 2025 With Questions
And Answers|Already Graded A+
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pathophysiology is defined as not
only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes have
on total body function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. - CORRECT ANSWER-Etiologic factors are the
causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
, 4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you don't necessarily develop the
disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism. Nutritional excess in
carbohydrates can lead to irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - CORRECT ANSWER-Congenital: present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - CORRECT ANSWER-Morphology is
defined as the fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues. Histology is the study of the cells and
extracellular matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an example of each. - CORRECT
ANSWER-These both relate to manifestations of a disease. Signs is an objective manifestation while
symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are apparent to the physician, symptoms are apparent to
the patient.
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Patient history,
diagnostic testing, and a physical examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. - CORRECT ANSWER-Validity: how a tool
measures what it is intended to measure i.e. the correct tool to do the job, such as using a blood
pressure cuff to measure blood pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually dependent on someone's experience
and skill level
Sensitivity: proportion of people with a disease who test positive
Specificity: people without the disease who test negative for it
Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks. - CORRECT ANSWER-Epidemiology is the
study of disease occurrence. It tracks the health of a community by tracking age, race, nutritional habits
and locations.
Exam Practice Latest 2025 With Questions
And Answers|Already Graded A+
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pathophysiology is defined as not
only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes have
on total body function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. - CORRECT ANSWER-Etiologic factors are the
causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
, 4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you don't necessarily develop the
disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism. Nutritional excess in
carbohydrates can lead to irritable bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - CORRECT ANSWER-Congenital: present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - CORRECT ANSWER-Morphology is
defined as the fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues. Histology is the study of the cells and
extracellular matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an example of each. - CORRECT
ANSWER-These both relate to manifestations of a disease. Signs is an objective manifestation while
symptoms are a subjective complaint. Signs are apparent to the physician, symptoms are apparent to
the patient.
What are 3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Patient history,
diagnostic testing, and a physical examination.
Explain validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. - CORRECT ANSWER-Validity: how a tool
measures what it is intended to measure i.e. the correct tool to do the job, such as using a blood
pressure cuff to measure blood pressure
Reliability: likelihood of yielding the same result of a test, usually dependent on someone's experience
and skill level
Sensitivity: proportion of people with a disease who test positive
Specificity: people without the disease who test negative for it
Define epidemiology and name some things that it tracks. - CORRECT ANSWER-Epidemiology is the
study of disease occurrence. It tracks the health of a community by tracking age, race, nutritional habits
and locations.
