@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
NR 565 / NR565 Advanced
Pharmacology Final Exam Review |
Already Rated A | Latest, 2024/2025
|Chamberlain College
1. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- common disorder characterized by heartburn and acid regurgitation.
PR
2. Major groups of GERD
- erosive esophagitis and
- non-erosive reflux disease (NERD).
O
3. Drug of choice for GERD
- Proton Pump Inhibitors;
FD
4. Cimetidine use for GERD
- drug of choice for relieving symptoms.; does little to hasten healing.
5. Proton Pump Inhibitor MOA
O
- irreversibly blocking hydrogen and the amount of HCl produced by the stomach
6. Proton Pump Inhibitor Prototype Drug
C
- Omeprazole
7. PPI AE
- Pneumonia,
- FX,
- Rebound Acid Hypersecretion,
- Hypomagnesemia
8. PPI Monitoring
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
- Magnesium (Hypomagnesimia)
9. PPI Drug Interaction
- Clopidogrel (Plavix)
10. Antidiarrheal drugs fall into two major groups
- (1) specific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the underlying causative agent
- (2) nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the symptom but do not treat the agent
11. Opioids (antidiarrheals)
- most effective antidiarrheal agents;
- activating opioid receptors in the GI tract,
PR
- these drugs decrease intestinal motility and thus slow down intestinal transit,
which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes.
12. diphenoxylate (Lomotil, others) and loperamide (Imodium, others)
- most frequently employed opioids for diarrhea
O
13. Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
FD
- Opioid Antidiarrheal; Formulated w/ atropine to discourage abuse
14. Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) MOA
15. Loperamide (Imodium)
O
- Opioid Antidiarrheal; Meperidine analog
16. Loperamide (Imodium) MOA
C
- treat diarrhea and reduce the volume of discharge from ileostomies.
- Benefits derive from suppressing bowel motility and from suppressing fluid
secretion into the intestinal lumen.
17. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
- -popular over-the-counter medication that can be used for upset stomach,
diarrhea, heartburn, and general indigestion.
- -antibacterial and antisecretory properties; used to treat traveler's diarrhea
18. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Contraindication
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
- contraindicated in children or teenagers during or after recovery from chickenpox
or flu-like illness due to the risk of Reye's syndrome and in individuals with
aspirin hypersensitivity.
19. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) AE
- gray/black stools and
- black tongue from the bismuth.
20. Traveler's diarrhea
- Escherichia coli
21. Traveler's Diarrhea Treatment
PR
- -Ciprofloxacin for adults.
- -Azithromycin (Zithromax) is preferred for children and for pregnant women).
- -Rifaximin (Xifaxan) may also be used provided the patient is not pregnant or
febrile and that stools are not bloody.
O
22. Metoclopramide MOA
- A prokinetic agent:
FD
(1) suppresses emesis (by blocking receptors for dopamine and serotonin in
the CTZ)
(2) it increases upper GI motility (by enhancing the actions of
acetylcholine).
O
23. Prokinetic Agent
- Metoclopramide; Drugs that increase the tone and motility of the GI tract.
Indications include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), CINV, and diabetic
C
gastroparesis.
24. Metoclopramide (Reglan) PO Dose Use
- 1) diabetic gastroparesis
- 2) suppression of gastroesophageal reflux.
25. Metoclopramide (Reglan) IV Dose Use
- 1) suppression of postoperative nausea and vomiting,
- 2) suppression of CINV,
- 3) facilitation of small bowel intubation
- 4) facilitation of radiologic examination of the GI tract.
, @PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
26. Metoclopramide (Reglan) AE
- High-dose therapy: sedation and diarrhea are common
- Long-term high-dose therapy: irreversible tardive dyskinesia, characterized by
repetitive, involuntary movements of the arms, legs, and facial muscles.
27. Metoclopramide contraindication
- Contraindication in patients with GI obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage.
28. Misoprostol (Cytotec)
- an analog of prostaglandin E1. In the United States, the drug's only approved GI
indication is prevention of gastric ulcers caused by long-term therapy with
PR
NSAIDs.
29. Misoprostol (Cytotec) Contraindication
- contraindicated during pregnancy due to risk for partial or complete expulsion of
the developing fetus.
O
30. Peptic Ulcer Disease Step 2 Therapy
FD
- H. pylori testing & Treatment with PPIs
31. H. pylori
- gram-negative bacillus that can colonize the stomach and duodenum; most
common cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers
O
32. H. Pylori Treatment
C
- PPI plus antibiotics
33. H. pylori triple therapy
- Amoxicillin,
- Clarithromycin or
- Metronidazole, PPI (omeprazole)
34. H. pylori quadruple therapy
- PPI,
- bismuth,
- metronidazole,
NR 565 / NR565 Advanced
Pharmacology Final Exam Review |
Already Rated A | Latest, 2024/2025
|Chamberlain College
1. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- common disorder characterized by heartburn and acid regurgitation.
PR
2. Major groups of GERD
- erosive esophagitis and
- non-erosive reflux disease (NERD).
O
3. Drug of choice for GERD
- Proton Pump Inhibitors;
FD
4. Cimetidine use for GERD
- drug of choice for relieving symptoms.; does little to hasten healing.
5. Proton Pump Inhibitor MOA
O
- irreversibly blocking hydrogen and the amount of HCl produced by the stomach
6. Proton Pump Inhibitor Prototype Drug
C
- Omeprazole
7. PPI AE
- Pneumonia,
- FX,
- Rebound Acid Hypersecretion,
- Hypomagnesemia
8. PPI Monitoring
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
- Magnesium (Hypomagnesimia)
9. PPI Drug Interaction
- Clopidogrel (Plavix)
10. Antidiarrheal drugs fall into two major groups
- (1) specific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the underlying causative agent
- (2) nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the symptom but do not treat the agent
11. Opioids (antidiarrheals)
- most effective antidiarrheal agents;
- activating opioid receptors in the GI tract,
PR
- these drugs decrease intestinal motility and thus slow down intestinal transit,
which allows more time for absorption of fluid and electrolytes.
12. diphenoxylate (Lomotil, others) and loperamide (Imodium, others)
- most frequently employed opioids for diarrhea
O
13. Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
FD
- Opioid Antidiarrheal; Formulated w/ atropine to discourage abuse
14. Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) MOA
15. Loperamide (Imodium)
O
- Opioid Antidiarrheal; Meperidine analog
16. Loperamide (Imodium) MOA
C
- treat diarrhea and reduce the volume of discharge from ileostomies.
- Benefits derive from suppressing bowel motility and from suppressing fluid
secretion into the intestinal lumen.
17. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
- -popular over-the-counter medication that can be used for upset stomach,
diarrhea, heartburn, and general indigestion.
- -antibacterial and antisecretory properties; used to treat traveler's diarrhea
18. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Contraindication
,@PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
- contraindicated in children or teenagers during or after recovery from chickenpox
or flu-like illness due to the risk of Reye's syndrome and in individuals with
aspirin hypersensitivity.
19. Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) AE
- gray/black stools and
- black tongue from the bismuth.
20. Traveler's diarrhea
- Escherichia coli
21. Traveler's Diarrhea Treatment
PR
- -Ciprofloxacin for adults.
- -Azithromycin (Zithromax) is preferred for children and for pregnant women).
- -Rifaximin (Xifaxan) may also be used provided the patient is not pregnant or
febrile and that stools are not bloody.
O
22. Metoclopramide MOA
- A prokinetic agent:
FD
(1) suppresses emesis (by blocking receptors for dopamine and serotonin in
the CTZ)
(2) it increases upper GI motility (by enhancing the actions of
acetylcholine).
O
23. Prokinetic Agent
- Metoclopramide; Drugs that increase the tone and motility of the GI tract.
Indications include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), CINV, and diabetic
C
gastroparesis.
24. Metoclopramide (Reglan) PO Dose Use
- 1) diabetic gastroparesis
- 2) suppression of gastroesophageal reflux.
25. Metoclopramide (Reglan) IV Dose Use
- 1) suppression of postoperative nausea and vomiting,
- 2) suppression of CINV,
- 3) facilitation of small bowel intubation
- 4) facilitation of radiologic examination of the GI tract.
, @PROFDOCDIGITALLIBRARIES
26. Metoclopramide (Reglan) AE
- High-dose therapy: sedation and diarrhea are common
- Long-term high-dose therapy: irreversible tardive dyskinesia, characterized by
repetitive, involuntary movements of the arms, legs, and facial muscles.
27. Metoclopramide contraindication
- Contraindication in patients with GI obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage.
28. Misoprostol (Cytotec)
- an analog of prostaglandin E1. In the United States, the drug's only approved GI
indication is prevention of gastric ulcers caused by long-term therapy with
PR
NSAIDs.
29. Misoprostol (Cytotec) Contraindication
- contraindicated during pregnancy due to risk for partial or complete expulsion of
the developing fetus.
O
30. Peptic Ulcer Disease Step 2 Therapy
FD
- H. pylori testing & Treatment with PPIs
31. H. pylori
- gram-negative bacillus that can colonize the stomach and duodenum; most
common cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers
O
32. H. Pylori Treatment
C
- PPI plus antibiotics
33. H. pylori triple therapy
- Amoxicillin,
- Clarithromycin or
- Metronidazole, PPI (omeprazole)
34. H. pylori quadruple therapy
- PPI,
- bismuth,
- metronidazole,
