Psychology 255 Final Exam(Completely solved)
Cara is running a study to examine the effect of music on mood. She randomly assigns
participants to three conditions — rock, jazz, and country. She has the participants rate their
mood with a short questionnaire, then listen to their assigned music for 20 minutes, and then fill
out the mood questionnaire again. What kind of design is she using? correct answers
pretest/posttest
Dr. Keller wants to test the effect of a new anti-anxiety medication. He recruits a group of
anxious patients and randomly assigns them to two groups. One group will receive his new
medication and the other will receive a sugar pill. What is the second group called? correct
answers placebo group
What is the name for a variable that the experimenter holds constant on purpose? correct answers
control variable
What is the name for the level of the independent variable that is intended to represent a neutral
condition? correct answers control group
Participants in a research study are given a list of words to study for 3 minutes and then,
following a delay, are asked to recall the list. The length of the delay is manipulated between
participants to be either 2 minutes, 5 minutes, or 10 minutes. Which of the following scenarios
would present a design confound in this experiment? correct answers All participants in the 2-
minute condition are tested at 8:00 a.m.; those in the 5-minute condition are tested at noon; and
those in the 10-minute condition are tested at 4:00 p.m.
Participants in a research study are given a list of words to study for 3 minutes and then,
following a delay, are asked to recall the list. The length of the delay is manipulated between
participants to be either 2 minutes, 5 minutes, or 10 minutes. Since different groups need
different amounts of time, the first 25 participants who arrive are assigned to the 10-minute
group, the next 25 are assigned to the 5-minute group, and the final 25 are assigned to the 2-
minute group. What confound does this create? correct answers selection effect
Kathryn wants to control for intelligence in her study. She has a list of all of the participants for
her study and their IQ scores. She sorts the list of participants according to their IQ scores and
then forms groups making sure that the groups are balanced in terms of IQ scores. Finally, she
randomly assigns each group to one of the conditions of her study. What kind of design is
Kathryn using? correct answers matched-groups
What design is an experiment in which each participant is randomly assigned to one level of the
independent variable and then tested on the dependent variable once? correct answers posttest
only
Which of the following does NOT need to be considered as an alternative explanation of the
results in a within-groups design experiment? correct answers selection effects
,Eric designs a study to examine drink preferences of university freshmen. He is planning to have
all of the freshmen who participate in his study drink a cup of coffee then rate their enjoyment of
the coffee, then drink a cup of tea and rate their enjoyment of the tea, and finally drink a cup of
milk and rate their enjoyment of the milk. Eric tells Theresa about the plans for his study and she
says she is concerned that he could have a problem with order effect in his study. How can Eric
fix this problem? correct answers counterbalancing
Eric designs a study to examine drink preferences of university freshmen. He is planning to have
all of the freshmen who participate in his study drink a cup of coffee then rate their enjoyment of
the coffee, then drink a cup of tea and rate their enjoyment of the tea, and finally drink a cup of
milk and rate their enjoyment of the milk. What kind of design is this? correct answers repeated
measures
According to Cohen's conventions for effect size, how do you describe an effect size when d =
0.50? correct answers moderate
In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using the Howard-
Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The participant
manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance away, then the
experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are three conditions: left eye
only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a repeated-measures design. What is the
independent variable in this experiment? correct answers eye/eyes used
In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using the Howard-
Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The participant
manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance away, then the
experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are three conditions: left eye
only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a repeated-measures design. What is the
dependent variable in this experiment? correct answers distance out of alignment of the rods
In an experiment, researchers: correct answers manipulate one variable and measure another.
In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using the Howard-
Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The participant
manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance away, then the
experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are three conditions: left eye
only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a repeated-measures design. How is the
independent variable being manipulated in Tetiana's design? correct answers within-groups
In a business class experiment on the endowment effect, Theo is comparing the value of a coffee
mug to someone who owns it and is selling it to someone who is buying it. The endowment
effect describes the tendency of sellers to value something they own more than buyers do.
Participants are randomly assigned to be buyers or sellers of a mug with their first name on it.
Buyers select the maximum price they would pay for the mug. Sellers select the minimum price
they would accept for the mug. What is the independent variable in this experiment? correct
answers role of the participant
, In a business class experiment on the endowment effect, Theo is comparing the value of a coffee
mug to someone who owns it and is selling it to someone who is buying it. The endowment
effect describes the tendency of sellers to value something they own more than buyers do.
Participants are randomly assigned to be buyers or sellers of a mug with their first name on it.
Buyers select the maximum price they would pay for the mug. Sellers select the minimum price
they would accept for the mug. How does Theo control for selection effects? correct answers by
using random assignment of participants
__________ is a simple study that uses a separate group of participants that is generally
completed before conducting the study of primary interest in order to confirm the effectiveness
of a manipulation. correct answers A pilot study
____________ is an extra dependent variable that can be used to help researchers quantify how
well an experimental manipulation worked. correct answers A manipulation check
experiment correct answers researchers manipulated at least one variable and measured another
manipulated variable correct answers a variable that is controlled, such as when the researchers
assign participants to a particular level (value) of the variable
measured variable correct answers a variable in an experiment whose levels (values) are
observed and recorded
independent variable correct answers the variable that is manipulated in an experiment. in a
multiple-regressions analysis, a predictor variable used to explain variance in the criterion
variable
condition correct answers one of the levels of the independent variable in an experiment
dependent variable correct answers in an experiment, the variable that is measured. In a multiple-
regression analysis, the single outcome, or criterion variable, the researcher are most interested in
understanding or predicting.
control variable correct answers a potential variable that an experimenter holds constant on
purpose
comparison group/control group correct answers a group in an experiment whose level on the
independent variable differs from those of the treatment group in some intended and meaningful
way
control group correct answers a level of an independent variable that is intended to represent "no
treatment" or a neutral condition
treatment group correct answers the participants in an experiment who are exposed to the level of
the independent variable that involves a medication, therapy, or intervention
Cara is running a study to examine the effect of music on mood. She randomly assigns
participants to three conditions — rock, jazz, and country. She has the participants rate their
mood with a short questionnaire, then listen to their assigned music for 20 minutes, and then fill
out the mood questionnaire again. What kind of design is she using? correct answers
pretest/posttest
Dr. Keller wants to test the effect of a new anti-anxiety medication. He recruits a group of
anxious patients and randomly assigns them to two groups. One group will receive his new
medication and the other will receive a sugar pill. What is the second group called? correct
answers placebo group
What is the name for a variable that the experimenter holds constant on purpose? correct answers
control variable
What is the name for the level of the independent variable that is intended to represent a neutral
condition? correct answers control group
Participants in a research study are given a list of words to study for 3 minutes and then,
following a delay, are asked to recall the list. The length of the delay is manipulated between
participants to be either 2 minutes, 5 minutes, or 10 minutes. Which of the following scenarios
would present a design confound in this experiment? correct answers All participants in the 2-
minute condition are tested at 8:00 a.m.; those in the 5-minute condition are tested at noon; and
those in the 10-minute condition are tested at 4:00 p.m.
Participants in a research study are given a list of words to study for 3 minutes and then,
following a delay, are asked to recall the list. The length of the delay is manipulated between
participants to be either 2 minutes, 5 minutes, or 10 minutes. Since different groups need
different amounts of time, the first 25 participants who arrive are assigned to the 10-minute
group, the next 25 are assigned to the 5-minute group, and the final 25 are assigned to the 2-
minute group. What confound does this create? correct answers selection effect
Kathryn wants to control for intelligence in her study. She has a list of all of the participants for
her study and their IQ scores. She sorts the list of participants according to their IQ scores and
then forms groups making sure that the groups are balanced in terms of IQ scores. Finally, she
randomly assigns each group to one of the conditions of her study. What kind of design is
Kathryn using? correct answers matched-groups
What design is an experiment in which each participant is randomly assigned to one level of the
independent variable and then tested on the dependent variable once? correct answers posttest
only
Which of the following does NOT need to be considered as an alternative explanation of the
results in a within-groups design experiment? correct answers selection effects
,Eric designs a study to examine drink preferences of university freshmen. He is planning to have
all of the freshmen who participate in his study drink a cup of coffee then rate their enjoyment of
the coffee, then drink a cup of tea and rate their enjoyment of the tea, and finally drink a cup of
milk and rate their enjoyment of the milk. Eric tells Theresa about the plans for his study and she
says she is concerned that he could have a problem with order effect in his study. How can Eric
fix this problem? correct answers counterbalancing
Eric designs a study to examine drink preferences of university freshmen. He is planning to have
all of the freshmen who participate in his study drink a cup of coffee then rate their enjoyment of
the coffee, then drink a cup of tea and rate their enjoyment of the tea, and finally drink a cup of
milk and rate their enjoyment of the milk. What kind of design is this? correct answers repeated
measures
According to Cohen's conventions for effect size, how do you describe an effect size when d =
0.50? correct answers moderate
In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using the Howard-
Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The participant
manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance away, then the
experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are three conditions: left eye
only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a repeated-measures design. What is the
independent variable in this experiment? correct answers eye/eyes used
In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using the Howard-
Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The participant
manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance away, then the
experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are three conditions: left eye
only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a repeated-measures design. What is the
dependent variable in this experiment? correct answers distance out of alignment of the rods
In an experiment, researchers: correct answers manipulate one variable and measure another.
In psychology lab, Tetiana is conducting an experiment on depth perception using the Howard-
Dolman box. Inside the box are two vertical rods and a horizontal ruler. The participant
manipulates the rods until they appear to be aligned at the same distance away, then the
experimenter measures how far out of alignment they are. There are three conditions: left eye
only, right eye only, and both eyes. Tetiana is using a repeated-measures design. How is the
independent variable being manipulated in Tetiana's design? correct answers within-groups
In a business class experiment on the endowment effect, Theo is comparing the value of a coffee
mug to someone who owns it and is selling it to someone who is buying it. The endowment
effect describes the tendency of sellers to value something they own more than buyers do.
Participants are randomly assigned to be buyers or sellers of a mug with their first name on it.
Buyers select the maximum price they would pay for the mug. Sellers select the minimum price
they would accept for the mug. What is the independent variable in this experiment? correct
answers role of the participant
, In a business class experiment on the endowment effect, Theo is comparing the value of a coffee
mug to someone who owns it and is selling it to someone who is buying it. The endowment
effect describes the tendency of sellers to value something they own more than buyers do.
Participants are randomly assigned to be buyers or sellers of a mug with their first name on it.
Buyers select the maximum price they would pay for the mug. Sellers select the minimum price
they would accept for the mug. How does Theo control for selection effects? correct answers by
using random assignment of participants
__________ is a simple study that uses a separate group of participants that is generally
completed before conducting the study of primary interest in order to confirm the effectiveness
of a manipulation. correct answers A pilot study
____________ is an extra dependent variable that can be used to help researchers quantify how
well an experimental manipulation worked. correct answers A manipulation check
experiment correct answers researchers manipulated at least one variable and measured another
manipulated variable correct answers a variable that is controlled, such as when the researchers
assign participants to a particular level (value) of the variable
measured variable correct answers a variable in an experiment whose levels (values) are
observed and recorded
independent variable correct answers the variable that is manipulated in an experiment. in a
multiple-regressions analysis, a predictor variable used to explain variance in the criterion
variable
condition correct answers one of the levels of the independent variable in an experiment
dependent variable correct answers in an experiment, the variable that is measured. In a multiple-
regression analysis, the single outcome, or criterion variable, the researcher are most interested in
understanding or predicting.
control variable correct answers a potential variable that an experimenter holds constant on
purpose
comparison group/control group correct answers a group in an experiment whose level on the
independent variable differs from those of the treatment group in some intended and meaningful
way
control group correct answers a level of an independent variable that is intended to represent "no
treatment" or a neutral condition
treatment group correct answers the participants in an experiment who are exposed to the level of
the independent variable that involves a medication, therapy, or intervention
