CSCCA – SCCC FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Metabolic acidosis - ✔✔exercise-induced decrease in pH
✔✔Acetyl- CoA - ✔✔when pyruvate enters the mitochondria this is converted so it can
enter the Krebs cycle
✔✔Phosphorylation - ✔✔process of adding an inorganic phosphate to another molecule
✔✔Oxidative Phosphorylation - ✔✔resynthesis of ATP in the electron transport chain
✔✔Substrate-level phosphorylation - ✔✔direct resynthesis of ATP from ADP during a
single reaction in the metabolic pathways
✔✔Lactate Threshold - ✔✔exercise intensity at which blood lactate begins an abrupt
increase above baseline concentrations
✔✔38 - ✔✔amount of ATP does one glucose molecule yield after going through
glycolysis
✔✔Beta Oxidation - ✔✔free fatty acids enter the mitochondria are broken down into
acetyl-CoA and H+ protons
✔✔Gluconeogenesis - ✔✔process of converting amino acids into glucose
✔✔Glycogenolysis - ✔✔breakdown of glycogen
✔✔Oxygen uptake - ✔✔measure of a peron's ability to take in and use oxygen
✔✔Oxygen Deficit - ✔✔anaerobic contribution to total energy cost of exercise
✔✔Oxygen Dept/EPOC - ✔✔O2 uptake above resting values used to restore the body
to pre-exercise condition
✔✔Acetylcholine - ✔✔released when arrival of an action potential at the nerve terminal
✔✔Contraction of Muscle Fiber - ✔✔when acetylcholine diffuses across the
neuromuscular junction and excites the sarcolemma
✔✔All-or-None Principle - ✔✔when a motor unit is stimulated all of its muscle fibers
contract
✔✔Twitch - ✔✔a brief contraction from an action potential
, ✔✔Tetanus - ✔✔when there is a high frequency of stimuli that causes twitches to
merge and fuse
✔✔Proprioceptors - ✔✔specialized sensory receptors located within joints, muscles,
and tendons
✔✔Muscle Spindles - ✔✔proprioceptors providing info concerning muscle length and
rate of change in length and increase. Facilitates muscle activation
✔✔Golgi tendon organs - ✔✔proprioceptor inhibits muscle activation and causes
muscle to relax when there is a rapid stretch of the muscle
✔✔Sarcopenia - ✔✔reduced muscle size and strength
✔✔Right side of heart - ✔✔pumps blood through the lungs
✔✔Left side of the heart - ✔✔pumps blood through the rest of the body
✔✔Blood from atrias - ✔✔goes to the ventricles
✔✔blood from left ventricle - ✔✔goes through the aorta and out to the body
✔✔Blood from the right ventricle - ✔✔goes through the pulmonary artery and out to the
lungs
✔✔AV Valves - ✔✔tricuspid and mitral valves
✔✔Systole - ✔✔ventricular contraction
✔✔Diastole - ✔✔ventricular relaxation
✔✔Sinoatrial Node - ✔✔intrinsic pacemaker where electrical impulses are initiated
✔✔Internodal Pathways - ✔✔structure that conducts the impulse from the SA node to
the AV node
✔✔Atrioventricular Node - ✔✔spot in the heart where electrical impulse is delayed
slightly before passing into the ventricle
✔✔AV Bundle - ✔✔conducts impulse to ventricles
✔✔Sympathetic Nerves - ✔✔accelerate heart rate
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Metabolic acidosis - ✔✔exercise-induced decrease in pH
✔✔Acetyl- CoA - ✔✔when pyruvate enters the mitochondria this is converted so it can
enter the Krebs cycle
✔✔Phosphorylation - ✔✔process of adding an inorganic phosphate to another molecule
✔✔Oxidative Phosphorylation - ✔✔resynthesis of ATP in the electron transport chain
✔✔Substrate-level phosphorylation - ✔✔direct resynthesis of ATP from ADP during a
single reaction in the metabolic pathways
✔✔Lactate Threshold - ✔✔exercise intensity at which blood lactate begins an abrupt
increase above baseline concentrations
✔✔38 - ✔✔amount of ATP does one glucose molecule yield after going through
glycolysis
✔✔Beta Oxidation - ✔✔free fatty acids enter the mitochondria are broken down into
acetyl-CoA and H+ protons
✔✔Gluconeogenesis - ✔✔process of converting amino acids into glucose
✔✔Glycogenolysis - ✔✔breakdown of glycogen
✔✔Oxygen uptake - ✔✔measure of a peron's ability to take in and use oxygen
✔✔Oxygen Deficit - ✔✔anaerobic contribution to total energy cost of exercise
✔✔Oxygen Dept/EPOC - ✔✔O2 uptake above resting values used to restore the body
to pre-exercise condition
✔✔Acetylcholine - ✔✔released when arrival of an action potential at the nerve terminal
✔✔Contraction of Muscle Fiber - ✔✔when acetylcholine diffuses across the
neuromuscular junction and excites the sarcolemma
✔✔All-or-None Principle - ✔✔when a motor unit is stimulated all of its muscle fibers
contract
✔✔Twitch - ✔✔a brief contraction from an action potential
, ✔✔Tetanus - ✔✔when there is a high frequency of stimuli that causes twitches to
merge and fuse
✔✔Proprioceptors - ✔✔specialized sensory receptors located within joints, muscles,
and tendons
✔✔Muscle Spindles - ✔✔proprioceptors providing info concerning muscle length and
rate of change in length and increase. Facilitates muscle activation
✔✔Golgi tendon organs - ✔✔proprioceptor inhibits muscle activation and causes
muscle to relax when there is a rapid stretch of the muscle
✔✔Sarcopenia - ✔✔reduced muscle size and strength
✔✔Right side of heart - ✔✔pumps blood through the lungs
✔✔Left side of the heart - ✔✔pumps blood through the rest of the body
✔✔Blood from atrias - ✔✔goes to the ventricles
✔✔blood from left ventricle - ✔✔goes through the aorta and out to the body
✔✔Blood from the right ventricle - ✔✔goes through the pulmonary artery and out to the
lungs
✔✔AV Valves - ✔✔tricuspid and mitral valves
✔✔Systole - ✔✔ventricular contraction
✔✔Diastole - ✔✔ventricular relaxation
✔✔Sinoatrial Node - ✔✔intrinsic pacemaker where electrical impulses are initiated
✔✔Internodal Pathways - ✔✔structure that conducts the impulse from the SA node to
the AV node
✔✔Atrioventricular Node - ✔✔spot in the heart where electrical impulse is delayed
slightly before passing into the ventricle
✔✔AV Bundle - ✔✔conducts impulse to ventricles
✔✔Sympathetic Nerves - ✔✔accelerate heart rate
