NUR 2063 / NUR2063 Exam 1: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1

1. Which of the following assessment findings indicates an alteration in homeostatic control mechanisms? - Fever 2. Injury that occurs when blood flow is diminished to tissue is called injury. - ischemic 3. The cancer growth continuum is divided into which of the following stages? - Initiation, promotion, progression 4. The activities of the cell are directed by which cell structure? - Cytoplasm 5. Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage- shaped structures called: - mitochondria 6. A patient presents with hyponatremia. What is the priority assessment for the patient? - Mental status changes 7. What is the priority assessment for a patient with a potassium imbalance? - EKG 8. A patient presents with hypomagnesemia, what would the nurse anticipate the calcium levels would be? - low 9. A patient presents with hypercalcemia. What would the nurse anticipate the phosphorous levels would be? - low 10. The nurse is teaching a patient who has recently given birth about immunity that has been passed to the baby in utero. Which statement by the patient indicates that additional teaching is needed? - "I had chickenpox and am immune to it, so my baby will not need to have the chickenpox vaccine." 11. In preparing a community teaching program, which information presented by the nurse addresses a type of secondary cancer prevention? - Annual measurement of prostate-specific antigen levels 12. A 2-day post-op heart transplant patient begins to have fever and signs and symptoms of heart failure. The patient is more than likely experiencing which of the following? - Type IV delayed hypersensitivity 13. Which of the following is a complication of chronic stress? - Increased susceptibility to illness 14. Within minutes after receiving an injection of penicillin, the patient complains of shortness of breath and chest pain. The nurse notifies the patient's healthcare provider because this patient is most likely experiencing which type of hypersensitivity? - Type I 15. During which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) have the body's coping methods been completely utilized? - Exhaustion 16. Which of the following is a chemical triggered by the sympathetic nervous system made from the adrenal medulla that is responsible for many of the physiological symptoms of the "fight or flight" response? - Epinephrine 17. What disease state results from an inability to differentiate self from non-self? - Autoimmune 18. Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk for impaired immune function? - 79-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus 19. The nurse is teaching a community health class about the immune system. The nurse asks the class to list various functions of B cells in immunity. Which responses by students are correct? (Select all that apply.) - A) "They are the first to arrive at the scene of infection." B) "They make all sorts of antibodies." C) "They eat up bacteria, viruses, and parasites." D) "They turn into memory cells that keep the person immune." E) "They release chemicals to stop inflammation when healing is done." B & D 20. Difference between a sign and a symptom - Sign - Objective Symptom - Subjective 21. The two types of cells seen during a Type 1 hypersensitivity - Mast and Basophil cells 22. Mantoux test - PPD - TB test 23. What is the etiology of gout? - High uric acid levels 24. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of - Primary prevention 25. A disorder of unknown cause → Idiopathic - True 26. Which of the following is a statement about disease pathogenesis? - Strep infection activates immune cells, leading to inflammation 27. An obese teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of - Secondary prevention 28. When potassium intake is less than potassium output (or when potassium shifts from plasma into cells) - hypokalemia 29. Intake of water and Na is less than output of water and Na - ECV deficit 30. Avoid massive vitamin D supplementation and drink lots of fluids to prevent kidney damage - Patient teaching for hypercalcemia 31. Besides immunity, what other function does the lymphatic system serve - fluid balance 32. Compounds released during stress - Catecholamines / cortisol 33. Which of the following statements about interferon is correct? - Interferon binds to surface receptors of cells invaded with a virus 34. Which of the following is associated with specific immunity? - immunoglobulins 35. Injecting a vaccine of a dead or weakened pathogen imparts which type of immunity? - Artificial active immunity 36. Normal potassium levels - 3.5-5.5mEq/L 37. What is the purpose of the stress response? - restore balance 38. Holds 1/3 of the body's water - extracellular fluid 39. 135-145 mEq/L - sodium serum range 40. Alarm stage of GAS - increased heart rate 41. Which space does fluid enter to cause edema? - interstitial compartment 42. Treats hives, pruritis and swelling - histamine and prostaglandin 43. Macrophage is a type of white blood cell which is a phagocyte. - True 44. Allergies are associated with elevated - eosinophils 45. What causes edema? - Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure 46. Oncogene is associated with the initiation of cancer - True 47. Gout is caused by the following: - elevated uric acid 48. Glucocorticoids reduce inflammation by - decreasing the permeability in capillaries 49. Wound edges that are approximated signify the wound is infected - False 50. Which of these exemplifies habituation? - loud noise no longer causes fight/flight response 51. Ecchymosis means - large bruise 52. Purpura means - medium bruise 53. Tumors "new growth" not all are life threatening; benign or malignant- Describes - neoplasm 54. May be Primary Bone Cancer or Metastatic - Clinical manifestation of Chondrosarcoma 55. Shingles is a disorder of herpes zoster and has which of the following clinical manifestations? - Psoriasis Eruption of vesicles along sensory neuron dermatomes 56. Distribution of fluid between interstitial and intracellular compartments occurs by - osmosis 57. A patient describes nausea. What is this? - Symptom 58. A simple lab test which can measure the level of inflammation in an individual is - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 59. The process by where we use hormones in the body to regulate equilibrium, when the body changes