GROW THROUGH FLOW NCTRC EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Duration Recording: - Correct Answers -When you are interested in how long a behavior
occurs, you record the amount of time that the client displays the behavior
Interval Recording: - Correct Answers -Indicates how frequently a behavior is displayed
during a specified time interval.
Continuous Recording: - Correct Answers -When the therapist records both the
beginning of the behavior and the end of the behavior, it is called
Theories and Concepts: Normalization: - Correct Answers -Making available to all
persons patterns of life and conditions of everyday life that are as close as possible to
the routine circumstances and ways of life
Theories and Concepts: Inclusion: - Correct Answers -• Inclusion is the acceptance of
all people regardless of their differences.
• It is about appreciating people for who they are because even though we are all
different, we are one.
• Inclusion allows people to value differences in each other by recognizing that each
person has an important contribution to make to our society
• Inclusion in recreation is more than allowing children with and without disabilities to
participate in the same activity.
• In order for inclusive services to be successful, inclusion must be a value that is
shared by all parties involved including: agencies, staff, families, participants, and the
greater community
Least Restrictive Equipment: Least Restrictive Equipment: - Correct Answers -The
objective is to use equipment that restricts functional movement the least amount, while
offering the maximum safety
Standardized Observation: - Correct Answers -o Two major forms:
1.) Standardized or norm-references instrument - measure of how an individual
performs in relation to others who are from the same classification of persons.
2.) Criterion referenced tests - measures achievement toward some established
standard.
o Reliability: produces stable results over time
o Validity: measures what it is designed to measure
Specific Goal Observation: - Correct Answers -o Assess a well-defined behavior.
,o Might include observing an adult playing a card game or observing an adolescent
square dancing. These activities make certain cognitive, psychomotor, or social
demands on the client.
o Role playing - client is told to act as though he/she normally would in the situation
Naturalistic Observation: - Correct Answers -o No attempt to manipulate or change
natural environment.
o Keeping an on-going account of the client's behavior through written anecdotal notes
o What to look for while completing observations:
1) General appearance
2) Motor activity
3) Interpersonal interaction
4) Body language o Areas of observation: Personal appearance, posture & movement,
manner, facial expressions, general level of activity, intentional activity, cognitive ability,
communication.
Casual Observation: - Correct Answers -o Type of non-systematic observation in which
we engage on a daily basis.
o It is responding to our environment in a somewhere random fashion and out of our
personal bias and background.
o Not skilled, directed or purposeful.
Skilled Observation: - Correct Answers -o Carefully completed in an organized manner
and are as free as possible from personal bias.
o Knowing what to look for & what to expect, learn to disregard irrelevant information.
o Unobtrusive so as not to alter or change client's behaviors.
Anecdotal Records: - Correct Answers -• Provide factual description if actual behavior in
natural situations that are significant indicator of total behaviors
• Allows recording in non-standardized form
• Issues:
o Can be time consuming
o Hard to be objective
o Difficulty in deciding level of detail to record
• Techniques:
o Determine in advance what to observe
o Develop procedures for coding
o Train observers
Interview: - Correct Answers -• The interview has three purposes:
1. Opportunity to gain information from the client and to observe the client
2. Begin to develop a relationship, or gain rapport with the client
3. Orientation to the program or programs available to the client
• Areas for information seeking during interviews:
1. Readiness for treatment
2. Degree of rationality
, 3. Relationship with others
4. Resources for support
5. Leisure related problems
6. Leisure values
7. Awareness of leisure
8. Basic skills needed to develop leisure skills
9. Leisure history
10. Appearance
11. Other problem areas
Interview Techniques: - Correct Answers -• Need to be consistent
• Conduct interview in a quiet, private and comfortable environment
• Introduce self
• Introduce therapeutic recreation services
• Establish rapport
• Determine strengths and weaknesses
• Close interview •
Specific Techniques include:
o Open-ended questions
o Closed ended-questions
o Reflection
o Facilitation
o Silence
o Confrontation
o Clarification
o Interpretation
o Summation
o Transition
o Self-Revelation
o Positive reinforcement
o Reassurance
o Advice
Probing: - Correct Answers -is a question that is directed toward yielding information in
order to gain empathetic understanding. Probes are open-ended questions requiring
more than a yes or no reply. The purpose of the confronting response is to assist the
client to achieve congruency in what he or she says and does, to help him or her be
fully aware and honest in gaining self-understanding
Confrontation: - Correct Answers -involves "telling it like it is," without being accusatory
or judgmental
Informing: - Correct Answers -transpires when objective and factual information is
shared with the client
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Duration Recording: - Correct Answers -When you are interested in how long a behavior
occurs, you record the amount of time that the client displays the behavior
Interval Recording: - Correct Answers -Indicates how frequently a behavior is displayed
during a specified time interval.
Continuous Recording: - Correct Answers -When the therapist records both the
beginning of the behavior and the end of the behavior, it is called
Theories and Concepts: Normalization: - Correct Answers -Making available to all
persons patterns of life and conditions of everyday life that are as close as possible to
the routine circumstances and ways of life
Theories and Concepts: Inclusion: - Correct Answers -• Inclusion is the acceptance of
all people regardless of their differences.
• It is about appreciating people for who they are because even though we are all
different, we are one.
• Inclusion allows people to value differences in each other by recognizing that each
person has an important contribution to make to our society
• Inclusion in recreation is more than allowing children with and without disabilities to
participate in the same activity.
• In order for inclusive services to be successful, inclusion must be a value that is
shared by all parties involved including: agencies, staff, families, participants, and the
greater community
Least Restrictive Equipment: Least Restrictive Equipment: - Correct Answers -The
objective is to use equipment that restricts functional movement the least amount, while
offering the maximum safety
Standardized Observation: - Correct Answers -o Two major forms:
1.) Standardized or norm-references instrument - measure of how an individual
performs in relation to others who are from the same classification of persons.
2.) Criterion referenced tests - measures achievement toward some established
standard.
o Reliability: produces stable results over time
o Validity: measures what it is designed to measure
Specific Goal Observation: - Correct Answers -o Assess a well-defined behavior.
,o Might include observing an adult playing a card game or observing an adolescent
square dancing. These activities make certain cognitive, psychomotor, or social
demands on the client.
o Role playing - client is told to act as though he/she normally would in the situation
Naturalistic Observation: - Correct Answers -o No attempt to manipulate or change
natural environment.
o Keeping an on-going account of the client's behavior through written anecdotal notes
o What to look for while completing observations:
1) General appearance
2) Motor activity
3) Interpersonal interaction
4) Body language o Areas of observation: Personal appearance, posture & movement,
manner, facial expressions, general level of activity, intentional activity, cognitive ability,
communication.
Casual Observation: - Correct Answers -o Type of non-systematic observation in which
we engage on a daily basis.
o It is responding to our environment in a somewhere random fashion and out of our
personal bias and background.
o Not skilled, directed or purposeful.
Skilled Observation: - Correct Answers -o Carefully completed in an organized manner
and are as free as possible from personal bias.
o Knowing what to look for & what to expect, learn to disregard irrelevant information.
o Unobtrusive so as not to alter or change client's behaviors.
Anecdotal Records: - Correct Answers -• Provide factual description if actual behavior in
natural situations that are significant indicator of total behaviors
• Allows recording in non-standardized form
• Issues:
o Can be time consuming
o Hard to be objective
o Difficulty in deciding level of detail to record
• Techniques:
o Determine in advance what to observe
o Develop procedures for coding
o Train observers
Interview: - Correct Answers -• The interview has three purposes:
1. Opportunity to gain information from the client and to observe the client
2. Begin to develop a relationship, or gain rapport with the client
3. Orientation to the program or programs available to the client
• Areas for information seeking during interviews:
1. Readiness for treatment
2. Degree of rationality
, 3. Relationship with others
4. Resources for support
5. Leisure related problems
6. Leisure values
7. Awareness of leisure
8. Basic skills needed to develop leisure skills
9. Leisure history
10. Appearance
11. Other problem areas
Interview Techniques: - Correct Answers -• Need to be consistent
• Conduct interview in a quiet, private and comfortable environment
• Introduce self
• Introduce therapeutic recreation services
• Establish rapport
• Determine strengths and weaknesses
• Close interview •
Specific Techniques include:
o Open-ended questions
o Closed ended-questions
o Reflection
o Facilitation
o Silence
o Confrontation
o Clarification
o Interpretation
o Summation
o Transition
o Self-Revelation
o Positive reinforcement
o Reassurance
o Advice
Probing: - Correct Answers -is a question that is directed toward yielding information in
order to gain empathetic understanding. Probes are open-ended questions requiring
more than a yes or no reply. The purpose of the confronting response is to assist the
client to achieve congruency in what he or she says and does, to help him or her be
fully aware and honest in gaining self-understanding
Confrontation: - Correct Answers -involves "telling it like it is," without being accusatory
or judgmental
Informing: - Correct Answers -transpires when objective and factual information is
shared with the client
