BIO 161 PSU EXAM 5 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
100% CORRECT RATED A+
Functions of Bone
✔✔
1. Support – Maintains body structure and provides a framework for muscles
and organs
2. Protection – Surrounds and shields vital internal organs
3. Movement – Acts as a lever system with muscle attachments
4. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance – Stores and releases essential ions and
helps buffer blood pH by regulating mineral salts
5. Blood Cell Formation – Houses bone marrow, where blood cells are
produced (hematopoiesis)
Diaphysis (Long Bone) – Location
✔✔ The central shaft portion of a long bone
Epiphysis (Long Bone) – Location
✔✔ The expanded ends of a long bone
Medullary Cavity – Location & Function
✔✔
Found within the diaphysis
Serves as the storage site for bone marrow
, Endosteum – Location & Contents
✔✔
Inner lining of the medullary cavity
Contains osteogenic (stem) cells that contribute to bone growth and repair
Periosteum – Location & Contents
✔✔
Outer covering of bone
Includes a tough fibrous layer and an inner osteogenic layer that supports
bone growth and healing
Articular Cartilage – Location & Function
✔✔
Covers the surfaces at bone joints
Reduces friction and absorbs shock during movement
Examples of each:
Flat bone
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone - ANSWER✔✔1. flat - scapula
2. long - femur
3. short - carpals
4. irregular - vertebrae
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
100% CORRECT RATED A+
Functions of Bone
✔✔
1. Support – Maintains body structure and provides a framework for muscles
and organs
2. Protection – Surrounds and shields vital internal organs
3. Movement – Acts as a lever system with muscle attachments
4. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance – Stores and releases essential ions and
helps buffer blood pH by regulating mineral salts
5. Blood Cell Formation – Houses bone marrow, where blood cells are
produced (hematopoiesis)
Diaphysis (Long Bone) – Location
✔✔ The central shaft portion of a long bone
Epiphysis (Long Bone) – Location
✔✔ The expanded ends of a long bone
Medullary Cavity – Location & Function
✔✔
Found within the diaphysis
Serves as the storage site for bone marrow
, Endosteum – Location & Contents
✔✔
Inner lining of the medullary cavity
Contains osteogenic (stem) cells that contribute to bone growth and repair
Periosteum – Location & Contents
✔✔
Outer covering of bone
Includes a tough fibrous layer and an inner osteogenic layer that supports
bone growth and healing
Articular Cartilage – Location & Function
✔✔
Covers the surfaces at bone joints
Reduces friction and absorbs shock during movement
Examples of each:
Flat bone
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone - ANSWER✔✔1. flat - scapula
2. long - femur
3. short - carpals
4. irregular - vertebrae
