5/6/25, 6:35 PM MSW 550 Exam #3
MSW 550 TEST BANK EXAM # 3 NEWEST VERSION WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS \\ACTUAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
ASSURED PASS GRADED A+ \\BRAND NEW
1) Cause (independent variable) must precede the effect
(dependent variable) in time
2) The two variables are empirically
Criteria for inferring causality correlated (covary) with one another
3) The observed empirical correlation (covariation)
between the two variables can not be due to the
influence of a third variable that causes the two
under
consideration
-refers to the confidence we have that the results
of a study accurately depict whether one variable
internal validity
is or is not a cause of another
-the degree to which changes in the dependent variable
are due to the manipulation of the independent
variable
the extent to which the results of a study can be
external validity
GENERALIZED to other situations and to other people
Possible causes of a phenomenon that must be
controlled so a clear cause-effect inference can be
threats to internal validity
made. If the cause of a change in a study is not due to
the
independent variable(s) manipulation, then there is an
alternative explanation - a threat to internal validity.
/ 1/1
0
, 5/6/25, 6:35 PM MSW 550 Exam #3
history,
matura
tion,
seven prominent threats to testing,
internal validity instrumentation
changes, statistical
regression,
selection bias,
ambiguity about the direction of causal influence
the statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme
statistical regression
behavior to be followed by others that are less extreme
and closer to average
Internal validity threat that occurs when the direct of
Ambiguity about the direction
causation is unclear: did X cause Y or did Y lead to X?
of causal influence (threats to
Was it really the independent variable that caused the
internal validity)
change
or was it the dependent variable that changed on its own?
Sometimes an unpredictable but significant outside event affects
the study.
Ex: You've been giving seniors in a nursing home with
History (Threats to internal
validity) depression counseling and you're giving pre and post
measurements of the difference. But on the day you're
doing the post-test, they give everyone in the nursing
home hot fudge sundaes and their scores are really
high. Was it your counseling that helped, or the fudgy-
goodness? Historical event got in the way.
Was it your intervention/independent variable that
Maturation (threats to internal
validity) made the difference or did things just change on their
own with the passage of time?
Sometimes just being tested motivates people to
Testing (threats to internal
validity) behave differently than they would have.
a threat to internal validity that occurs when a measuring
instrumentation threat
instrument changes over time from having been used
before
In an experiment, unintended differences between the
selection bias participants in different
/ 2/1
0
MSW 550 TEST BANK EXAM # 3 NEWEST VERSION WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS \\ACTUAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
ASSURED PASS GRADED A+ \\BRAND NEW
1) Cause (independent variable) must precede the effect
(dependent variable) in time
2) The two variables are empirically
Criteria for inferring causality correlated (covary) with one another
3) The observed empirical correlation (covariation)
between the two variables can not be due to the
influence of a third variable that causes the two
under
consideration
-refers to the confidence we have that the results
of a study accurately depict whether one variable
internal validity
is or is not a cause of another
-the degree to which changes in the dependent variable
are due to the manipulation of the independent
variable
the extent to which the results of a study can be
external validity
GENERALIZED to other situations and to other people
Possible causes of a phenomenon that must be
controlled so a clear cause-effect inference can be
threats to internal validity
made. If the cause of a change in a study is not due to
the
independent variable(s) manipulation, then there is an
alternative explanation - a threat to internal validity.
/ 1/1
0
, 5/6/25, 6:35 PM MSW 550 Exam #3
history,
matura
tion,
seven prominent threats to testing,
internal validity instrumentation
changes, statistical
regression,
selection bias,
ambiguity about the direction of causal influence
the statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme
statistical regression
behavior to be followed by others that are less extreme
and closer to average
Internal validity threat that occurs when the direct of
Ambiguity about the direction
causation is unclear: did X cause Y or did Y lead to X?
of causal influence (threats to
Was it really the independent variable that caused the
internal validity)
change
or was it the dependent variable that changed on its own?
Sometimes an unpredictable but significant outside event affects
the study.
Ex: You've been giving seniors in a nursing home with
History (Threats to internal
validity) depression counseling and you're giving pre and post
measurements of the difference. But on the day you're
doing the post-test, they give everyone in the nursing
home hot fudge sundaes and their scores are really
high. Was it your counseling that helped, or the fudgy-
goodness? Historical event got in the way.
Was it your intervention/independent variable that
Maturation (threats to internal
validity) made the difference or did things just change on their
own with the passage of time?
Sometimes just being tested motivates people to
Testing (threats to internal
validity) behave differently than they would have.
a threat to internal validity that occurs when a measuring
instrumentation threat
instrument changes over time from having been used
before
In an experiment, unintended differences between the
selection bias participants in different
/ 2/1
0
