MANUAL
DIRK TEMPELAAR
Masstricht University
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BUSINESS STATISTICS
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THIRD E DITION
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Robert A. Donnelly
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, Table of Contents
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Business Statistics… .................................................................... 1-1
Chapter 2: Displaying Descriptive Statistics… ............................................................................ 2-1
Chapter 3: Calculating Descriptive Statistics… ........................................................................... 3-1
Chapter 4: Introduction to Probabilities… ...................................................................................4-1
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Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions… .......................................................................... 5-1
Chapter 6: Continuous Probability Distributions… .....................................................................6-1
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Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions… .................................................................... 7-1
Chapter 8: Confidence Intervals… ............................................................................................... 8-1
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Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing for a Single Population… .......................................................... 9-1
Chapter 10: Hypothesis Tests Comparing Two Populations… .................................................. 10-1
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Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Procedures…...................................................... 11-1
Chapter 12: Chi-Square Tests… ................................................................................................ 12-1
Chapter 13: Hypothesis Tests for the Population Variance….................................................... 13-1
Chapter 14: Correlation and Simple Linear Regression…......................................................... 14-1
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Chapter 15: Multiple Regression and Model Building… .......................................................... 15-1
Chapter 16: Forecasting ............................................................................................................. 16-1
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Chapter 17: Decision Analysis… ............................................................................................... 17-1
Chapter 18: Nonparametric Statistics… ..................................................................................... 18-1
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, An Introduction to Business Statistics
1.1 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between average monthly temperatures are
meaningful, but there is no true zero point, i.e., absence of temperature.
1.2 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between average monthly rainfalls are meaningful, and
there is a true zero point, because there may be a month without any rainfalls.
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1.3 Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank education level, but the differences between different
educational levels cannot be measured.
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1.4 Qualitative/Nominal. The marital status is just a label without a meaningful difference, or
ranking.
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1.5 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between ages of respondents are meaningful and there
is a true zero point: an age of the respondents that equals zero represents the absence of age.
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1.6 Qualitative/Nominal. The genders are merely labels with no ranking or meaningful
difference.
1.7 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between birth years are meaningful, but there is no true
zero point with calendar years.
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1.8 Qualitative/ Nominal. The political affiliations are merely labels with no ranking or
meaningful difference.
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1.9 Qualitative/ Nominal. The races of the respondents are merely labels with no ranking or
meaningful difference.
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1.10 Qualitative/ Ordinal. You can rank the performance rating, but the differences between
different performance ratings cannot be measured.
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1.11 Qualitative/ Nominal. The uniform numbers of each member of the school’s sport team are
labels with no ranking or meaningful difference.
1.12 Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between class ranks are not
meaningful.
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1-2 Chapter 1
1.13 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between final exam scores for your statistics class
are meaningful, and there is a true zero point because a student who did not take the exam
would have a score of zero.
1.14 Qualitative/Nominal. The state in which the respondents in a survey reside is a label and it
is meaningless to talk about the rating of this value.
1.15 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between SAT scores for graduating high school
students are meaningful, but there is no true zero point because a student with an SAT score
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equal to zero does not indicate the absence of a score.
1.16 Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank movie ratings, but the differences between
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different ratings cannot be measured.
1.17 Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between ratings are not meaningful.
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1.18 Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between ratings are not meaningful.
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1.19 Cross-sectional
1.20 Time series
1.21 Time series: Men weekly earnings over the five years.
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Time series: Women weekly earnings over the five years.
1.22 Cross-sectional data: Men and women workers weekly earnings for any one particular year.
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1.23 Cross-sectional: The number of 8x10, 11x14 and 13x19 prints sold over a particular year.
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1.24 Time series: the number of 8x10 prints sold over the four years.
Time series: the number of 11x14 prints sold over the four years.
Time series: the number of 13x19 prints sold over the four years.
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1.25 Descriptive statistics, because it identifies a sample mean.
1.26 Inferential statistics, because the statements about comparing the average costs of a hotel
room in two states was based on results from samples taken from two populations.