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Assignment 3: Reliability and Validity in Research Instruments

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Score: 92.31 out of 100 -(correct answer) A researcher develops a new instrument to measure coping skills and conducts a pilot study to compare the new tool with an existing tool that measures this concept. -(correct answer)Convergent validity A researcher performs a series of pilot studies to evaluate whether a measurement tool produces consistent results. -(correct answer)Reliability A researcher develops a 7-point Likert scale to evaluate feelings of well-being in patients who are undergoing chemotherapy. The researcher administers this measure to other, similar patients in other medical centers. -(correct answer)Reliability In a research study, ambulatory clinic nurses teach children with asthma how to monitor peak expiratory flow volumes and how to use metered-dose inhalers to determine whether asthma control scores improve. The researcher discovers inconsistencies in how these measures were taught and how well the children understood the concepts. -(correct answer)Intervention fidelity A researcher reviews demographic characteristics of potential study subjects, such as age and gender, to determine whether

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Category A and E Pesticide Test Practice
Selective herbicide -(correct answer)Control certain types of plants, especially with other plant
Pesticide Misuse -(correct answer)-Not using a pesticide according to label directions -using a
pesticide not registered for sale or use in MN -applying without a license -applying in a
endangering way to animals/ppl/environment MDA -(correct answer)MN Department of
Agriculture FIFRA -(correct answer)Federal insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide act .
Restricted Use Pesticides (RUPs) -(correct answer)Pesticide formulation designed and
approved by the FIFRA Non-Restricted Use Pesticides (Non-RUPs) -(correct answer)All
pesticides other than RUPs including general use and unclassified pesticides, organic
pesticides, etc Structural Pest Control Applicator (SPCA) -(correct answer)These applicators
apply pesticide 'for hire' in, on or around their customers buildings and other structures.
Re-certification -(correct answer)There are two ways to recertify . 1 - attend an MDA approved
category specific recertification workshop. 2 - re-test by taking the category certification exams
and pay retest fees. Reciprocity -(correct answer)Allow someone residing in licensed in
another state to obtain a pesticide applicator license in MN without being required to take MN
initial certification exams or completing MN recertification requirements . Endangered Species
-(correct answer)A plant or animal in danger of extinction. Examples- MN Dwarf Trout Lily
Piping Plover Topeka Shiner Karner Blue Butterfly Higgins Eye Pearly Mussel Winged
Mapleleaf Mussel Threatened Species -(correct answer)A plant or animal likely to become
endangered within the foreseeable future. Examples- Leedy's Roseroot Prairie bush clover
Western prairie fringed orchid Canada Lynx Candidate Species -(correct answer)Plants or
animals that are being considered for designation as threatened or endangered . Examples-
Spragues Pipit Eastern Massasauga Dakota Skipper Snuffbox Sheepnose Spectaclecasew
Pesticide Management Plan -(correct answer)A plan of protection for groundwater and surface
water. Best Management Practices (BMPs) -(correct answer)These are practical,
research-based ways for users of pesticides to prevent or minimize contamination. Application
Setbacks -(correct answer)The distance of untreated land between a pesticide treated area in
the areas that need protection from the pesticides. Filter Strips and Vegetation Buffers
-(correct answer)Untreated grass strips next to streams, ponds, and other sensitive areas that
can trap much of the pesticide running off treated sites. Depth to Groundwater -(correct
answer)The distance from the soil surface down to the water table. Backflow -(correct
answer)When the water source filling the pesticide application equipment has a water
pressure drop unexpectedly in the supply line, electricity is shut down or a pump fails and the
pesticide runs back into the water source, contaminating it. Reduced Pressure Principal
Device -(correct answer)Two independent check valves in the water supply line, with an
automatic pressure differential valve located between the two valves. Pressurized Vacuum
Breaker -(correct answer)Vees stop backflow in the waterline is under continuous water
pressure and the waterline pressure is lost. Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker -(correct
answer)These let air from the atmosphere into the waterline to break the backflow siphon at

, the event of pressure loss in the waterline. Chemigation -(correct answer)Application of
pesticides and fertilizers through irrigation systems Pesticide Waste -(correct answer)Includes
both pesticides that you cannot use as originally intended, old pesticides that may no longer be
effective or pesticides you no longer need or want. Waste Pesticides -(correct
answer)Pesticides that are no longer usable or wanted. Examples- The government has
banned the use of the pesticide. The pesticide has been stored too long and lost effectiveness
or changed in other ways so it no longer works. The pesticide is left over or you no longer need
or want it. Incident Response Plan -(correct answer)This plan helps you prepare for and deal
with pesticide and or fertilizer incident quickly and effectively. The plan should contain at least
the following information; An emergency response contact list Product labels and product
material safety data sheet (MSDS) First aide information Prefire planning Maps Use and
handling procedures Emergency equipment and supplies for pesticide and fertilizer incidents
Release procedures Anhydrous Ammonia (NH3) equipment and procedures Employee
release response training Date last revised or updated Agricultural Chemicals -(correct
answer)Substances such as pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers STARR -(correct
answer)Secure - Key people/children/pet/animals away from site and wear PPE Telephone - if
there is a threat to public safety call 911 and or fire department if needed. Then call safety duty
officer to report Abate - Control the source of contamination and contain the contamination so
it does not spread any further Recover - collect the released chemical and any contaminated
soil or other materials Remediate - dispose of recovered chemical in contaminated soil and
materials Agricultural Chemical Response and Reimbursement Account (ACRRA) -(correct
answer)A fund that provides partial reimbursement for cleanup cost for agricultural chemical
incidents Adjuvant -(correct answer)An additive to a pesticide that enhances pesticide
effectiveness. Aquatic life -(correct answer)Organisms that spend all or part of their life on
surface waters. Direct pesticide application -(correct answer)A precise application to a specific
area or site so only weeds are sprayed during a band application to crops. Indirect pesticide
applications -(correct answer)Unintentional or intentional treatment of pests through spraying
or placement of a pesticide on a plant rather than on the pest . Leaching -(correct answer)The
downward movement of pesticides and nutrients through the soil. Non-target species -(correct
answer)Organisms not intended to be managed Runoff -(correct answer)The movement of
water and associated Materials over the top of the soil or impervious surfaces. Toxicity
-(correct answer)The extent to which a chemical or substance is poisonous. Transformation
-(correct answer)Change in a pesticides chemical structure Transportation -(correct
answer)The movement of a pesticide away from its intended site of action. Pollinator
protection statements -(correct answer)EPA required statements on pesticide labels which
provide information on use of the product in a manner that reduces impacts on pollinators .
Pollinators -(correct answer)Insects and other organisms that carry pollen from one flower to
another i.e. birds or bees Solubility -(correct answer)How well it dissolves in water Particle drift
-(correct answer)How far the droplets of the pesticide or fertilization goes from the application
site. This is unwanted and to be avoided Violatilization -(correct answer)This occurs when a

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