SPI Review Edelman Ultrasound Physics
what is the prefix, symbol, and value for an exponent of 10^-2 - CORRECT ANSWER-
centi, c, 1/100
what is the prefix, symbol, and value for an exponent of 10^-3 - CORRECT ANSWER-
milli, m, 1/1000
what is the prefix, symbol and value for an exponent of 10^-6 - CORRECT ANSWER-
micro, u, 1/1000000
3 rules for powers of 10s - CORRECT ANSWER-positive exponents are >10
negative exponents are <10
0 exponent has a value between 1 and 10
what is the prefix, symbol and value for an exponent of 10^6 - CORRECT ANSWER-
mega, M, 1,000,000
what is the prefix, symbol and value for an exponent of 10^3 - CORRECT ANSWER-
kilo, k, 1,000
what is the value for an exponent of 10^0 - CORRECT ANSWER-1
what is the prefix, symbol and value for an exponent of 10^-1 - CORRECT ANSWER-
deci, d, 1/10
All waves carry _______ from one location to another. - CORRECT ANSWER-energy
Sound is a __________ wave in which particles in the medium move. - CORRECT
ANSWER-mechanical
Can sound travel through a vacuum? - CORRECT ANSWER-No. Sound must travel
through matter and there is no matter in vacuums.
there are areas of ______ and ______ in a sound wave - CORRECT ANSWER-
compression, rarefraction
in what way does sound travel? - CORRECT ANSWER-in a straight line
Sound waves are _____ waves. - CORRECT ANSWER-longitudinal
,Acoustic propagation properties are? - CORRECT ANSWER-the effects of the medium
upon the sound wave
Acoustic variables - CORRECT ANSWER-changes that occur within a medium as a
result of sound traveling through that medium
What are the 3 acoustic variables? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pressure (P), density (ρ),
and distance (particle vibration)
what is the acoustic variable pressure ? - CORRECT ANSWER-concentration of force
in an area
units: pascals (Pa)
what is the acoustic variable density? - CORRECT ANSWER-concentration of mass in
a volume
units: kg/cm^3
what is the acoustic variable distance? - CORRECT ANSWER-measure of particle
motion
units: cm, feet, mile
what does one of the acoustic variables have to do in order to be a sound wave? -
CORRECT ANSWER-rhythmically oscillate
sound waves are also known as ____ waves - CORRECT ANSWER-acoustic
What are the 7 acoustic parameters? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Period
2. Frequency
3. Amplitude
4. Power
5. Intensity
6. Wavelength
7. Propagation speed
How do particles move in a transverse waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-perpendicular to
the wave propagation
(ex: hold end of string and shake up and down)
how do particles move in longitudinal waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-in the same
direction that the wave propagates.
sound is a longitudinal wave.
what are considered in-phase waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-a pair of waves that have
their peaks at the same time and same location
,what are considered out-of-phase waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-a pair of waves that
have their peaks at different points and at different times
what kind of interference occurs with in-phase waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-
constructive interference
what kind of interference occurs with out-phase waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-
destructive interference
what is interference (for sound)? - CORRECT ANSWER-when more than one sound
beam travel in a medium and can arrive at the same place at the same time. the waves
then loose their individual characteristics and combine to form a single wave.
when the frequency of different waves differ, _____________ interference occur -
CORRECT ANSWER-both constrictive and destructive
_____ describe the features of a sound wave - CORRECT ANSWER-parameters
what are the 7 parameters of sound? (CW) - CORRECT ANSWER-period, frequency,
amplitude, power, intensity, wavelength, speed
_____ is the time it takes a wave to vibrate a single cycle, or the time from the start of
one cycle to the start of the next - CORRECT ANSWER-period
what is period reported in? - CORRECT ANSWER-time (microseconds)
what is the typical value of a period? - CORRECT ANSWER-.06-.5 us (microseconds)
what is period determined by? - CORRECT ANSWER-determined by the sound source
only, not the medium
Is period adjustable? - CORRECT ANSWER--No. The sonographer cannot change the
period while using a basic ultrasound system with a particular transducer.
_____ is the number of particular events that occur in a specific duration of time. in
ultrasound, this of a wave is described as the number of cycles that occurs in one
second - CORRECT ANSWER-frequency
what are the units for frequency? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hertz (Hz)
1 cycle/second = 1Hz
what is the typical value for frequency? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 MHz to 15 MHz
what is frequency determined by? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sound source only, not the
medium through which the sound is traveling
, Is frequency adjustable by the sonographer? - CORRECT ANSWER-no
the sound wave is considered infrasound when it is - CORRECT ANSWER-less than 20
Hz
the sound wave is considered audible sound when it is - CORRECT ANSWER-between
20 Hz and 20 kHz (20,000Hz)
the sound wave is considered ultrasound when it is - CORRECT ANSWER-greater than
20 kHz
Why is frequency important in diagnostic sonography? - CORRECT ANSWER-because
it affects penetration and image quality.
what is the relationship between frequency and period - CORRECT ANSWER-inversely
related
(p * f = 1) --> reciprocal
What are the 3 bigness parameters? (CW) - CORRECT ANSWER-P.I.A power
amplitude intensity
____ is the bigness of a wave. it is the difference between the maximum value and the
average or undisturbed value. this is also the difference between the minimum and
average. - CORRECT ANSWER-amplitude
what are the units for amplitude? - CORRECT ANSWER-dB
pressure -- pascals
density -- g/cm^3
partical motion -- cm, in, etc
what is amplitude determined by? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Initially the sound source
-But it decrease as it propagates through the body ( rate of decrease depends on the
medium)
Is amplitude adjustable? - CORRECT ANSWER-Initial amplitude is, yes.
what is the difference between amplitude and peak to peak amplitude - CORRECT
ANSWER-amplitude is measured from the middle to the max, while peak to peak is the
difference between the max and min values
___ is the rate of energy transfer or the rate at which work is performed. - CORRECT
ANSWER-power
what are the units for power? - CORRECT ANSWER-Watts or J/s
what is the prefix, symbol, and value for an exponent of 10^-2 - CORRECT ANSWER-
centi, c, 1/100
what is the prefix, symbol, and value for an exponent of 10^-3 - CORRECT ANSWER-
milli, m, 1/1000
what is the prefix, symbol and value for an exponent of 10^-6 - CORRECT ANSWER-
micro, u, 1/1000000
3 rules for powers of 10s - CORRECT ANSWER-positive exponents are >10
negative exponents are <10
0 exponent has a value between 1 and 10
what is the prefix, symbol and value for an exponent of 10^6 - CORRECT ANSWER-
mega, M, 1,000,000
what is the prefix, symbol and value for an exponent of 10^3 - CORRECT ANSWER-
kilo, k, 1,000
what is the value for an exponent of 10^0 - CORRECT ANSWER-1
what is the prefix, symbol and value for an exponent of 10^-1 - CORRECT ANSWER-
deci, d, 1/10
All waves carry _______ from one location to another. - CORRECT ANSWER-energy
Sound is a __________ wave in which particles in the medium move. - CORRECT
ANSWER-mechanical
Can sound travel through a vacuum? - CORRECT ANSWER-No. Sound must travel
through matter and there is no matter in vacuums.
there are areas of ______ and ______ in a sound wave - CORRECT ANSWER-
compression, rarefraction
in what way does sound travel? - CORRECT ANSWER-in a straight line
Sound waves are _____ waves. - CORRECT ANSWER-longitudinal
,Acoustic propagation properties are? - CORRECT ANSWER-the effects of the medium
upon the sound wave
Acoustic variables - CORRECT ANSWER-changes that occur within a medium as a
result of sound traveling through that medium
What are the 3 acoustic variables? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pressure (P), density (ρ),
and distance (particle vibration)
what is the acoustic variable pressure ? - CORRECT ANSWER-concentration of force
in an area
units: pascals (Pa)
what is the acoustic variable density? - CORRECT ANSWER-concentration of mass in
a volume
units: kg/cm^3
what is the acoustic variable distance? - CORRECT ANSWER-measure of particle
motion
units: cm, feet, mile
what does one of the acoustic variables have to do in order to be a sound wave? -
CORRECT ANSWER-rhythmically oscillate
sound waves are also known as ____ waves - CORRECT ANSWER-acoustic
What are the 7 acoustic parameters? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Period
2. Frequency
3. Amplitude
4. Power
5. Intensity
6. Wavelength
7. Propagation speed
How do particles move in a transverse waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-perpendicular to
the wave propagation
(ex: hold end of string and shake up and down)
how do particles move in longitudinal waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-in the same
direction that the wave propagates.
sound is a longitudinal wave.
what are considered in-phase waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-a pair of waves that have
their peaks at the same time and same location
,what are considered out-of-phase waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-a pair of waves that
have their peaks at different points and at different times
what kind of interference occurs with in-phase waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-
constructive interference
what kind of interference occurs with out-phase waves? - CORRECT ANSWER-
destructive interference
what is interference (for sound)? - CORRECT ANSWER-when more than one sound
beam travel in a medium and can arrive at the same place at the same time. the waves
then loose their individual characteristics and combine to form a single wave.
when the frequency of different waves differ, _____________ interference occur -
CORRECT ANSWER-both constrictive and destructive
_____ describe the features of a sound wave - CORRECT ANSWER-parameters
what are the 7 parameters of sound? (CW) - CORRECT ANSWER-period, frequency,
amplitude, power, intensity, wavelength, speed
_____ is the time it takes a wave to vibrate a single cycle, or the time from the start of
one cycle to the start of the next - CORRECT ANSWER-period
what is period reported in? - CORRECT ANSWER-time (microseconds)
what is the typical value of a period? - CORRECT ANSWER-.06-.5 us (microseconds)
what is period determined by? - CORRECT ANSWER-determined by the sound source
only, not the medium
Is period adjustable? - CORRECT ANSWER--No. The sonographer cannot change the
period while using a basic ultrasound system with a particular transducer.
_____ is the number of particular events that occur in a specific duration of time. in
ultrasound, this of a wave is described as the number of cycles that occurs in one
second - CORRECT ANSWER-frequency
what are the units for frequency? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hertz (Hz)
1 cycle/second = 1Hz
what is the typical value for frequency? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 MHz to 15 MHz
what is frequency determined by? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sound source only, not the
medium through which the sound is traveling
, Is frequency adjustable by the sonographer? - CORRECT ANSWER-no
the sound wave is considered infrasound when it is - CORRECT ANSWER-less than 20
Hz
the sound wave is considered audible sound when it is - CORRECT ANSWER-between
20 Hz and 20 kHz (20,000Hz)
the sound wave is considered ultrasound when it is - CORRECT ANSWER-greater than
20 kHz
Why is frequency important in diagnostic sonography? - CORRECT ANSWER-because
it affects penetration and image quality.
what is the relationship between frequency and period - CORRECT ANSWER-inversely
related
(p * f = 1) --> reciprocal
What are the 3 bigness parameters? (CW) - CORRECT ANSWER-P.I.A power
amplitude intensity
____ is the bigness of a wave. it is the difference between the maximum value and the
average or undisturbed value. this is also the difference between the minimum and
average. - CORRECT ANSWER-amplitude
what are the units for amplitude? - CORRECT ANSWER-dB
pressure -- pascals
density -- g/cm^3
partical motion -- cm, in, etc
what is amplitude determined by? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Initially the sound source
-But it decrease as it propagates through the body ( rate of decrease depends on the
medium)
Is amplitude adjustable? - CORRECT ANSWER-Initial amplitude is, yes.
what is the difference between amplitude and peak to peak amplitude - CORRECT
ANSWER-amplitude is measured from the middle to the max, while peak to peak is the
difference between the max and min values
___ is the rate of energy transfer or the rate at which work is performed. - CORRECT
ANSWER-power
what are the units for power? - CORRECT ANSWER-Watts or J/s
