BIO 101 – EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
(NVCC)
Question & Answer Format | High-Yield | Student-Friendly
1. What is the basic unit of carbohydrates?
→ Monosaccharides
2. What are examples of monosaccharides?
→ Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
3. What are disaccharides made of? Give examples.
→ Two monosaccharides; Examples: Sucrose, Lactose
4. What are polysaccharides?
→ Long chains of sugars; Examples: Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen
5. What are the main functions of carbohydrates?
→ Provide quick energy, energy storage, and structural support
6. What is the basic unit of lipids?
→ Fatty acids and glycerol
7. What are the main types of lipids?
→ Fats and oils, phospholipids, steroids
, 8. What are the functions of lipids in the body?
→ Long-term energy storage, insulation, hormone production
9. What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
→ Saturated = no double bonds (solid at room temp);
→ Unsaturated = double bonds (liquid at room temp, healthier)
10. What is the basic unit of proteins?
→ Amino acids
11. How many different amino acids are there?
→ 20
12. What kind of bond links amino acids?
→ Peptide bonds (covalent)
13. What is another name for a protein chain?
→ Polypeptide
14. What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
→ Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
15. What part of an amino acid makes each one unique?
→ The R-group (side chain)
16. What are the major functions of proteins?
→ Enzymes, hormones, transport, structure, immune defense, receptor signaling,
and muscle contraction
(NVCC)
Question & Answer Format | High-Yield | Student-Friendly
1. What is the basic unit of carbohydrates?
→ Monosaccharides
2. What are examples of monosaccharides?
→ Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
3. What are disaccharides made of? Give examples.
→ Two monosaccharides; Examples: Sucrose, Lactose
4. What are polysaccharides?
→ Long chains of sugars; Examples: Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen
5. What are the main functions of carbohydrates?
→ Provide quick energy, energy storage, and structural support
6. What is the basic unit of lipids?
→ Fatty acids and glycerol
7. What are the main types of lipids?
→ Fats and oils, phospholipids, steroids
, 8. What are the functions of lipids in the body?
→ Long-term energy storage, insulation, hormone production
9. What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
→ Saturated = no double bonds (solid at room temp);
→ Unsaturated = double bonds (liquid at room temp, healthier)
10. What is the basic unit of proteins?
→ Amino acids
11. How many different amino acids are there?
→ 20
12. What kind of bond links amino acids?
→ Peptide bonds (covalent)
13. What is another name for a protein chain?
→ Polypeptide
14. What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
→ Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
15. What part of an amino acid makes each one unique?
→ The R-group (side chain)
16. What are the major functions of proteins?
→ Enzymes, hormones, transport, structure, immune defense, receptor signaling,
and muscle contraction
