MDC1 Exam 2 Rasmussen

1. What factors affect mobility? - Developmental age, nutritional status, lifestyle choices, stress, environment, and diseases. 2. What are some diseases that affect mobility? - Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, and bone tumors. 3. What is Rheumatoid Arthritis and some clinical manifestations? Most frequent in? - It is systemic autoimmune disease-causing chronic inflammation of the joints and connective tissue. C/S: Causes pain, deformities, fever, fatigue, weakness, weight loss and loss of function. Most frequent in mid-life age and females. 4. What is osteoarthritis and some clinical manifestations? Most frequent in? - Loss of articular cartilage in the joint. C/S: · Causes pain, stiffness, crepitus, aggravated weight-bearing and joint use. Most frequent in females. 5. What is Ankylosing Spondylitis? - Chronic inflammatory joint disease that causes stiffens and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints 6. What is Gout? - Inflammatory response to high-levels of uric acid. Forms tophi (white nodules) in the synovial fluid. 7. What is Osteoporosis? Most Common in? Best Treatment? - Decrease in total bone density when osteoclast activity is higher than osteoblast. Most common in females at menopause age. The best treatment is prevention by proper diet high in calcium, fluoride and minerals. 8. What is Osteomyelitis? - Infection of the bone. Can develop after injury, surgery or traumas. 9. What are bone tumors? - Affects form and function. Causes pain and severely impedes mobility. 10. What is Syndactylism? - Fusion on one or more fingers. 11. What is developmental dysplasia of the hip (DHH)? - Hip dislocation due to femur abnormality. 12. What are foot deformities? - · Club foot (talipes equinovarus) can affect walking 13. What is Scoliosis? - Scoliosis: lateral curvature of the spine. 14. What is Osteogenesis? - Brittle bones that fracture easily. 15. What is Achondroplasia? - Dwarfism (bones harden prematurely) 16. What is Paget's disease? - Increased bone loss results in pain, pathological fractures and deformities 17. Vitamin D & Calcium? - Porous bones. Prolonged deficiency can cause bowed, retard growth and frequent fractures of the long bones. 18. What are some disorders of the CNS? - Disorders that affect the motor center of the brain. Ex. Stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis. 19. What diseases can occur from other systems besides CNS that can be affected by mobility? - Respiratory disease: Limit mobility tolerance due to lack of oxygen Circulatory disorders: Impairs tissue oxygen delivery causing pain, edema, discomfort, etc. Fatigue: Limits activity to a short period of time. Bedrest: reduces overall activity 20. What are the affects of immobility on the musculoskeletal system? - 12% loss of muscle strength per week Osteoporosis Change in calcium metabolism leading to possible formation of renal calculi Impaired balance Foot drop Altered joint mobility Pathological fractures Decreased stability 21. Nursing interventions for immobility of musculoskeletal system? - · Perform: Perform Passive Range on Motion (PROM) · Reposition: Reposition every 2 hrs. · Encourage: Encourage independent activity as possible even in best rest (AROM) · Provide: Provide assistance devices if needed 22. What are purposes for positioning/repositioning your patient? - o Prevent skin breakdown • Prevent muscle discomfort • Prevent damage to superficial nerves and blood vessels • Prevent contractures 23. What are common positioning devices and their purposes? - o Trochanter roll • Hand roll • Abduction pillow • Cradle boots • Foot board **INSERT PURPOSES FOR EACH ONE 24. What are some devices used to move and transfer a patient safely? - o Transfer board • Mechanical Lift • Transfer belt 25. What are some things to use or do for gait and strength training? - o Range of motion exercises • Dangling • Assisting with walking: Canes Walkers Crutches 26. Effects of immobility on the respiratory system? - Decrease in the depth of respiration Pooling of secretions in the airways Decrease ability to effectively cough Leads to atelectasis 27. Common nursing interventions for a patient whose respiratory system is being affected by immobility? - o Turn, Cough and Deep breath every 2 hours • Incentive spirometer every 2 hours while awake • Use chest physiotherapy • Encourage fluid intake of at least 2000 mL per day unless contraindicated • Assess lungs, cough, and sputum production at least every shift 28. Effects of immobility on the circulatory system? - Increases the workload of the heart Promotes venous stasis Orthostatic hypotension Risk of thrombus formation 29. Common nursing interventions for a patient whose circulatory system is being affected by immobility? - o Increase client's activity as soon as possible • Assess for peripheral, sacral and pedal edema • Assess calves for signs and symptoms of thrombus formation (redness, warmth and tenderness)