NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology

 Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) is due to multiple factors. Which of the following is a serious potential complication of GERD? Answer Cough Esophageal cancer Heartburn Diarrhea Question Hyperemesis gravidarum causes excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. What can the mother expect to have if hyperemesis gravidarum is left untreated? Answer Electrolyte imbalances and dehydration Dehydration and cold extremities Electrolyte imbalances and polyuria Dehydration and diabetes Question Hyperglycemia is concerning when complications arise. Which disorder is related to breaking down fats for energy in patients with type 1 diabetes? Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome Hyperglycemic lipid syndrome Answer Diabetic ketoacidosis Lipidosis hyperosmolar ketosis Question Which of the following symptoms describe complications of compartment syndrome? Hemorrhage Answer Pain and tissue damage Increased limb function Chronic kidney disease Question A client diagnosed with heart failure reports to the healthcare provider a feeling of dizziness upon standing. What is the client describing? lOMoARcPSD| A contraindication A sign Answer A symptom Objective data Question Pyelonephritis is the infection of which of the following areas of the body? Bladder Ureter Answer Kidney Urethra Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a problem with Question antidiuretic hormone production. Which of the following electrolyte disorder associated with this condition? Hyperkalemia Hypernatremia Answer Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Question The client can expect which of the following concerns when infected with the herpes virus (HSV 1 or HSV 2)? No pain during an outbreak Answer A recurrence of symptoms periodically Immunity after the first exposure A vaginal birth during an outbreak Question The client, diagnosed with cystitis, asks the health care provider why she seems to be susceptible to recurrent infections. Which of the following is true about cystitis? Prevalence in men is increased due to sexual practices Less frequent in women due to a shorter urethra Answer There are no symptoms in the client Most cases are due to Escherichia coli (E. coli) lOMoARcPSD| Question What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? (select all that apply) Cold intolerance Diarrhea Answer Tachycardia Constipation Bradycardia Question What are the two main conditions responsible for chronic kidney disease? Upper respiratory infections; asthma Diabetes; breast cancer Answer Hypertension; diabetes Myasthenia gravis; thrombocytopenia Question What causes diabetes insipidus? Insufficient insulin Answer Insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Overproduction of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Overproduction of insulin Question What condition leads to an excessive amount of growth hormone (GH) released by the pituitary gland in adulthood after epiphyseal plates of the long bones have fused? Answer acromegaly gigantism Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) Dwarfism Question What does dialysis do for the client with kidney disease? Answer Filter out bacteria causing infection Removes fluid and wastes lOMoARcPSD| Adds chemicals to help the kidneys Prepares the client for transplant Question What is the difference between diabetes mellitus type I and type II? Type I is over production of insulin; Type II is lack of insulin Type I is insulin resistance; Type II is due to lack of a pancreas Answer Type I is the lack of insulin; Type II is insulin resistance Type I is insulin resistance; Type II is no pituitary influence Question What is the main cause of first-time pancreatitis occurrences? Gallstones Answer Alcoholism Trauma Hypercalcemia Question What type of incontinence is caused by an increase with intraabdominal pressure due to activities such as coughing or sneezing? neurogenic bladder Answer stress urge overflow Question When a client has abnormal functioning of the parathyroid glands this can result in imbalances of which of the following electrolyte? Sodium Water Answer Calcium Potassium Question Which of the following are inflammatory bowel disorders? Intussusception and ulcerative colitis Intussusception and volvulus Answer Crohn's disease and volvulus Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease Question Which of the following describe hematuria? Answer protein in the urine blood in the urine bacteria in the urine lOMoARcPSD| urea in the blood Question Which of the following may result in a mechanical bowel obstruction? Opioid analgesic administration A diet low in fiber Answer Intussusception Clostridium difficile infection Question Which of the following may a client at risk from if they have the human papilloma virus? Lung cancer Pancreatic cancer Answer Stomach cancer Cervical cancer Question Which of the following organism is most commonly associated with pelvic inflammatory disease? Answer Neisseria gonorrhoeae Pseudomonas Treponema pallidum Escherichia coli Question Which of the following are clinical findings of acute glomerulonephritis? (select all that apply) Hypotension Answer Coffee-colored urine Increased urine output Proteinuria Edema Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Question What is one of the causes of pyelonephritis? Answer ascending urinary tract infection trauma to the kidney from a car accident congestive heart failure genetics Question Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a common disorder in men older than 60. lOMoARcPSD| Which of the following is a problem related to BPH? Answer Inability to pass urine effectively Colon cancer Upper respiratory infection Infertility Question A client has a potassium of 1.9 mEq/L. What assessment below is the highest priority assessment? Assess for jaundice Assess for skin turgor Answer Assess the ability of the client to walk Assess the telemetry/EKG for abnormalities Question During the stress response, which of these is caused by the release of catecholamines? Select all that apply. Increased heart rate Increased peristalsis Answer Constriction of pupils Increased blood pressure Dilated airway passages Question What function does aldosterone serve? Answer It causes a release of sodium from the body, decrease fluid volume, and decrease lOMoARcPSD| blood pressure. It causes a retention of sodium from the body, increase fluid volume, and increase blood pressure. It causes a release of sodium from the body, increase fluid volume, and decrease blood pressure. It enhances intracellular sodium production, and lower blood pressure. Question What is the purpose of the stress response? To initiate triumph To mediate hunger Answer To produce a stressor To restore balance Question What would the nurse expect to assess during the stress response? Increased Bowel Sounds Decreased Blood Sugar Readings Answer Increased Blood Sugar Readings Increased Saliva Production Question Where is a majority of cellular ATP made? Nucleus Answer Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Lysosome Question How does an immunization produce immunity? The virus from the shot will remain in the body until the end of the season. Answer The body will learn to identify the influenza virus, and will likely develop an immunity against the virus. A viral load, and the aluminum create an attenuated response that decreases the immune system, and makes the child less prone to vaccine original diseases. It will foster an environment of allowing the body immunity against the bacteria. lOMoARcPSD| Question Identify examples of malignant cells. Select all that apply. Squamous cell carcinoma Transitional cell papilloma Answer Renal cell carcinoma Sebaceous gland adenoma Bile duct adenoma Kaposi's Sarcoma Question Identify true statements about benign tumors. Select all that apply. A benign tumor causes much less damage to its host than a malignant tumor. A benign tumor does not usually have an immediate potential to kill the host. Answer If the tumor has moved to another part of the body, it is likely benign, rather than malignant. If cells from a tumor have crossed the basement membrane, they are likely benign than malignant tumors. Benign tumors are more likely to resemble their tissue type of origin than malignant tumors. Question Monocytes that migrate from blood into tissues, and can engulf foreign substances, are called: Answer T-cells Myeloid cells Stem cells lOMoARcPSD| Macrophages Question Risk factors for cancer include which of these? Select all that apply. Genetic history Age Answer A compromised immune system Tobacco use An abnormality in a tumor suppressor gene Question Some over-the-counter pain medications affect prostaglandins. What is true about prostaglandins? They are produced by plasma proteins, and increase capillary pressure. Answer They are produced by mast cells, and cause vasodilation and pain. They are produced by the bladder, and activate histamines. They are produced by the brain, and activate opioid receptors. Question The client has localized inflammation. Which assessment would the nurse expect to find? Answer High fever, chills, and malaise