Final Exam on Amino Acids, Protein Synthesis, Genetics, and Genetic Disorders

Final Exam on Amino Acids, Protein Synthesis,
Genetics, and Genetic Disorders

Amino acids are characterized by ____. - ANSWER >>>>>an amino
group, a carboxyl group, and an R group

Peptide bonds form between ____. - ANSWER >>>>>an amino
group and a carboxyl group

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is determined by the
____ and the results of chemical modifications and other
processing events. - ANSWER >>>>>amino acid sequence

Codons are ____ that encode the information for a specific amino
acid in a protein. - ANSWER >>>>>triplets of nucleotides in mRNA

The secondary structure of a protein forms ____. - ANSWER
>>>>>pleated sheets or coils

One gene is able to encode information for different forms of a
protein via ____. - ANSWER >>>>>alternative splicing

At one end of a tRNA molecule is a sequence of 3 nucleotides called
an anticodon that ____. - ANSWER >>>>>binds to its
complementary mRNA codon

Prions are created when normal proteins in the body ____. -
ANSWER >>>>>refold into a different and infectious three-
dimensional shape that kills cells in the brain and nervous system

During the elongation step of translation, ____. - ANSWER >>>>>
amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain

,Messenger RNA is a(n) ____ of the amino acid-coding nucleotide
sequence of a gene. - ANSWER >>>>>single-stranded
complementary copy

____ nucleotides form the code for one amino acid. - ANSWER
>>>>>Three

Activated genes can be inactivated by reversing histone
modification during a process called ____. - ANSWER >>>>>
chromatin remodeling

In pre-mRNA processing, ____. - ANSWER >>>>>introns are
spliced out and the exons are combined in the mature mRNA

Most protein synthesis ____. - ANSWER >>>>>takes place on the
surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Tetracyclines interfere with ____. - ANSWER >>>>>initiation of
translation

The tertiary structure of a protein is ____. - ANSWER >>>>>
formed by a protein region folding on itself

mRNA is made up of introns that have been spliced together. -
ANSWER >>>>>False

Prion diseases are always fatal and there is no treatment. -
ANSWER >>>>>True

Twenty different types of amino acids are used to make proteins. -
ANSWER >>>>>True

The codon encoding the amino acid methionine functions as a start
codon when it occurs at the beginning of a gene. - ANSWER
>>>>>True

, The most common mutation in cystic fibrosis is the deletion of a
single amino acid which results in a misfolded protein. - ANSWER
>>>>>True

Transcribed DNA sequences that are removed during mRNA
processing are called - ANSWER >>>>>Introns

A protein folded into an infectious conformation that is the cause
of several disorders is called a(n) . - ANSWER >>>>>prion

Amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the human body are
called - ANSWER >>>>>essential amino acids

Of the 64 triplet combinations in the genetic code, _________
code(s) for amino acids and _____ code(s) for the signal that ends
protein synthesis. - ANSWER >>>>>61; 3

The primary structure of a protein is the ________ in a polypeptide
chain. - ANSWER >>>>>amino acid sequence

Cytoplasmic organelles composed of two subunits, one large and
one small, which are the sites of polypeptide synthesis are called -
ANSWER >>>>>ribosomes

In the process of initiation, RNA polymerase and several regulatory
proteins bind to a(n) ________ that marks the beginning of a gene.
- ANSWER >>>>>promoter

Archibald Garrod was the first to advance the idea that there is a
direct link between _________ and _______ - ANSWER
>>>>>genes; enzymes

The process of turning genes on and off is called - ANSWER
>>>>>gene regulation