Gardner IAI Practical Crime Scene Processing and
Investigations questions with verified answers
"event segments" in event analysis Ans✓✓✓ microcomponents of the event.
sevent segments are snapshots of specific moments in time, detailing specific
actions that occurred. Event segments are always defined by specific data.
"events" in event analysis Ans✓✓✓ define gross aspects of the incident, such as
approaching the scene, controlling the victims, killing the victims, etc
"Fixing" the evidence Ans✓✓✓ Fixing the evidence allows the investigator to
functionally place the item back in the scene with some level of accuracy.
p.171
2nd developed technique for DNA testing Ans✓✓✓ Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR)
Allowed the scientist to copy the DNA structure in small samples that would have
been too small for RFLP technique. The statistical discrimination by PCR was
significantly lower than RFLP.
3 areas to consider regarding officer safety: Ans✓✓✓ 1. Is this a crime in progress
and are there suspects on scene?
2. Are there natural hazards present that can inhibit or harm first responders?
3. Are there man-made hazards present that can endanger first responders?
3 basic ridge patterns Ans✓✓✓ 1. Loops 65% of all patterns
2. Whorls 30% of all patterns
,3. Arches 5% of all patterns
3 basic scene integrity concerns: Ans✓✓✓ 1. addition of material to the scene.
2. Destruction of material in the scene
3. Movement of material in the scene
3 basic types of photographs Ans✓✓✓ 1. Overall
2. Evidence establishing
3. Evidence close-up
3 categories of tool marks Ans✓✓✓ 1. Striation
2. Compression
3. Saw and drill marks
Striation marks are caused by the cutting edge of a tool in contact with/sliding
against a target surface.
Compression mark is when a tool is forced into a soft material.
3-4-5 rule Ans✓✓✓ From a point three units from the grid corner on one axis, to
a point four units from the same corner on the adjacent axis, the distance
between the two points is five units.
3rd Major break through in DNA testing Ans✓✓✓ Short tandem repeat (STR)
,Combined concepts of PCR but had statistical discrimination higher than RFLP.
Ability to evaluate such small samples is significant but creates great risk for cross
contamination.
450nm is good for? Ans✓✓✓ Searching for/visualizing bite marks/bruises on
human skin when used with a yellow barrier filter
455-485nm can be used to? Ans✓✓✓ Visualize fluorescein reactions with latent
blood. Typically using a yellow filter but an orange filter can be effective too when
using the higher wavelengths
5 basic objectives applied: Crime Prevention Ans✓✓✓ Prevention includes
actions and efforts designed to keep crime from occurring in the first place.
i.e. community programs, youth programs, proactive patrol techniques,
neighborhood watch. p.2
5 basic objectives applied: Crime Repression Ans✓✓✓ When prevention fails, the
police then seek to repress the criminal by actively investigating crimes and
attempting to identify those responsible. Once identified the police are
responsible for apprehending the criminals and bringing them to justice.
5 basic objectives to achieve the 2 basic police goals: Ans✓✓✓ 1. Crime
Prevention
2. Crime Repression
3. Regulating non-criminal conduct
4. Provision of services
5. Protection of personal liberty
, 5 basic search patters: Ans✓✓✓ 1. Circle/Spiral
2. Strip/Line
3. Grid
4. Zone
5. Point to Point
6 basic steps to crime scene processing: Ans✓✓✓ 1. Assessing
2. Observing
3. Documenting
4. Searching
5. Collecting
6. Analyzing
A clandestine gravesite may exhibit what appearances? Ans✓✓✓ Disturbed soil,
a grave mound, or even soil compaction. Vegetation around the immediate grave
is likely to have been disturbed by the activity therefore it may be absent or in a
state of regrowth that is dissimilar to the surrounding vegetation.
Absolute chronology Ans✓✓✓ is related to timing aspects.
According to Rynearson & Chisum, context of evidence may manifest itself in a
number of ways. Name the 5 ways: Ans✓✓✓ 1. Predictable effects
2. Unpredictable effects
3. Transitory effects
4. Relational details
5. Functional details
Investigations questions with verified answers
"event segments" in event analysis Ans✓✓✓ microcomponents of the event.
sevent segments are snapshots of specific moments in time, detailing specific
actions that occurred. Event segments are always defined by specific data.
"events" in event analysis Ans✓✓✓ define gross aspects of the incident, such as
approaching the scene, controlling the victims, killing the victims, etc
"Fixing" the evidence Ans✓✓✓ Fixing the evidence allows the investigator to
functionally place the item back in the scene with some level of accuracy.
p.171
2nd developed technique for DNA testing Ans✓✓✓ Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR)
Allowed the scientist to copy the DNA structure in small samples that would have
been too small for RFLP technique. The statistical discrimination by PCR was
significantly lower than RFLP.
3 areas to consider regarding officer safety: Ans✓✓✓ 1. Is this a crime in progress
and are there suspects on scene?
2. Are there natural hazards present that can inhibit or harm first responders?
3. Are there man-made hazards present that can endanger first responders?
3 basic ridge patterns Ans✓✓✓ 1. Loops 65% of all patterns
2. Whorls 30% of all patterns
,3. Arches 5% of all patterns
3 basic scene integrity concerns: Ans✓✓✓ 1. addition of material to the scene.
2. Destruction of material in the scene
3. Movement of material in the scene
3 basic types of photographs Ans✓✓✓ 1. Overall
2. Evidence establishing
3. Evidence close-up
3 categories of tool marks Ans✓✓✓ 1. Striation
2. Compression
3. Saw and drill marks
Striation marks are caused by the cutting edge of a tool in contact with/sliding
against a target surface.
Compression mark is when a tool is forced into a soft material.
3-4-5 rule Ans✓✓✓ From a point three units from the grid corner on one axis, to
a point four units from the same corner on the adjacent axis, the distance
between the two points is five units.
3rd Major break through in DNA testing Ans✓✓✓ Short tandem repeat (STR)
,Combined concepts of PCR but had statistical discrimination higher than RFLP.
Ability to evaluate such small samples is significant but creates great risk for cross
contamination.
450nm is good for? Ans✓✓✓ Searching for/visualizing bite marks/bruises on
human skin when used with a yellow barrier filter
455-485nm can be used to? Ans✓✓✓ Visualize fluorescein reactions with latent
blood. Typically using a yellow filter but an orange filter can be effective too when
using the higher wavelengths
5 basic objectives applied: Crime Prevention Ans✓✓✓ Prevention includes
actions and efforts designed to keep crime from occurring in the first place.
i.e. community programs, youth programs, proactive patrol techniques,
neighborhood watch. p.2
5 basic objectives applied: Crime Repression Ans✓✓✓ When prevention fails, the
police then seek to repress the criminal by actively investigating crimes and
attempting to identify those responsible. Once identified the police are
responsible for apprehending the criminals and bringing them to justice.
5 basic objectives to achieve the 2 basic police goals: Ans✓✓✓ 1. Crime
Prevention
2. Crime Repression
3. Regulating non-criminal conduct
4. Provision of services
5. Protection of personal liberty
, 5 basic search patters: Ans✓✓✓ 1. Circle/Spiral
2. Strip/Line
3. Grid
4. Zone
5. Point to Point
6 basic steps to crime scene processing: Ans✓✓✓ 1. Assessing
2. Observing
3. Documenting
4. Searching
5. Collecting
6. Analyzing
A clandestine gravesite may exhibit what appearances? Ans✓✓✓ Disturbed soil,
a grave mound, or even soil compaction. Vegetation around the immediate grave
is likely to have been disturbed by the activity therefore it may be absent or in a
state of regrowth that is dissimilar to the surrounding vegetation.
Absolute chronology Ans✓✓✓ is related to timing aspects.
According to Rynearson & Chisum, context of evidence may manifest itself in a
number of ways. Name the 5 ways: Ans✓✓✓ 1. Predictable effects
2. Unpredictable effects
3. Transitory effects
4. Relational details
5. Functional details
