ASTRONOMY 1010 FINAL EXAM
CORRECT 100%
What kind of objects are in the universe and where are they located/how are they
grouped? - ANSWER Stars, Planets, Dwarf Planets, Moons/Satellites, Asteroids,
Comets = Solar Systems. Solar Systems will other stars are called star systems.
Nebulae- an interstellar cloud of gas and or dust
Galaxies (like our Milky Way) are collections of millions to trillions of stars, their star-
systems, nebulae, gas, dust and dark matter all bound together by gravity
Galaxy Groups (like the Local Group) are collections of tens of galaxies
Galaxy Clusters are collections of tens to thousands of galaxies
Hubble Ultra Deep Field is almost all galaxies. There are billions of galaxies in the
universe.
Superclusters of galaxies are regions in which clusters of galaxies are tightly packed
between the superclusters are huge voids.
Universe is everything together (galaxies, dark matter, dark energy) and there is only
one universe that we know of.
Where did these objects and elements we see in the universe come from, how/where
were they formed? - ANSWER Universe started from the Big Bang
How old is the Universe and what has happened so far in the history of the Universe?
Where did the heavy 'metals' come from ? - ANSWER Galaxies produces "Heavy"
elements.
Stars formed in galaxies produced ALL elements other than H, He, and some Li.
Galaxies collapsed out of the primordial material in Universe.
Generations of stars born/died in every galaxy.
Star Cycle - ANSWER Stars collapse/form out of clouds of gas/dust and planets may
form around them in disks.
Stars generate energy though nuclear fusion which leads to the production of heavier
elements.
,At the end of stellar lifetime, winds/explosions (depending on mass) scatters elements
in space.
Solar System birth - ANSWER Earth formed from deceased stars and contains
abundant heavier elements like C, N, O, etc.
Earth and Sun formed 4.5 billion years ago when material in galaxy was enriched 2%
"heavy" elements. The rest is mostly hydrogen.
What is the relative scaling of objects in the Universe (is a galaxy or a star system
bigger, is a planet or a star bigger)? - ANSWER
How does distance relate to the age of the object that we see? - ANSWER The farther
away we look in distance, the further back we look in time. (If you see young girl in
space, she is old now).
At great distances, we see objects as they were when the universe was much younger.
What is an astronomical unit? - ANSWER Earth's distance from the Sun (150 million
kilometers)
How do things move in the Universe? (daily rotations of Earth, yearly orbit of Earth,
movement of Sun in galaxy, movement of Milky Way in Universe) - ANSWER Earth
rotates around its axis once a day (23 hrs, 56 mins, 4.09s).
Earth takes one year to orbit (revolves around) the Sun.
Sun moves relative to local stars.
Milky Way Galaxy disk rotates.
Milky Way moves in Local Group where gravity pulls together galaxies in the local
group.
What is the ecliptic? - ANSWER the path of the Sun on the celestial sphere and the
projection of Earth's orbit onto the celestial sphere.
What is right ascension? - ANSWER describes how far east of the March equinox an
object is located on the celestial sphere.
What is the celestial sphere? - ANSWER an imaginary sphere that's centered on Earth
and used to describe the position of celestial objects in the sky
What is declination? - ANSWER describes an object's position north or south of the
celestial equator on the celestial sphere.
, What is latitude? - ANSWER describes an object's position north or south of the equator
on Earth.
What is longitude? - ANSWER describes an object's position east or west of Greenwich,
England on Earth.
How do you measure a solar day? - ANSWER record the time it takes for the Sun to
appear in the same position in the sky (essentially from one noon to the next where
noon is defined as the moment the Sun reaches its highest point directly overhead,
marking the passage of the Sun across the local meridian).
Why do we have eclipses? - ANSWER they occur due to the alignment of the Sun,
Earth, and Moon in their orbits and causes shadows
When does a solar eclipse occur?(during New Moon phase) - ANSWER A solar eclipse
occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, causing the Moon to cast a
shadow on Earth.
Sun appears partially blocked from view.
When does a lunar eclipse occur? (During Full Moon phase) - ANSWER when the
Moon passes though Earth's shadow.
A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, causing Earth to
cast a shadow on the Moon (or Earth's shadow falls on the Moon).
View of Moon partially blocked out during a lunar eclipse.
What are the types of solar and lunar eclipses? - ANSWER 3 types of lunar eclipse:
total (moon passes entirely through umbra), partial (part of the moon passes through
Umbra) , penumbral (Moon passes through penumbra)
Lunar Phases - ANSWER lunar cycle takes 29 1/2 days (time for the moon's orbit and
the Earth's motion around the Sun)
Lunar phases= shape of the illuminated portion of the Moon seen by the observer
If Sun illuminates 50% of the moon, we see 50% of the moon.
Dark side of the Moon is the half we do not see from Earth.
What is the effect of the Moon's varying distance from the Earth? - ANSWER primarily
affects the strength of ocean tides with higher tides occurring when the Moon is closest
to Earth (perigee) and lower tides when it's furthest away (apogee)
CORRECT 100%
What kind of objects are in the universe and where are they located/how are they
grouped? - ANSWER Stars, Planets, Dwarf Planets, Moons/Satellites, Asteroids,
Comets = Solar Systems. Solar Systems will other stars are called star systems.
Nebulae- an interstellar cloud of gas and or dust
Galaxies (like our Milky Way) are collections of millions to trillions of stars, their star-
systems, nebulae, gas, dust and dark matter all bound together by gravity
Galaxy Groups (like the Local Group) are collections of tens of galaxies
Galaxy Clusters are collections of tens to thousands of galaxies
Hubble Ultra Deep Field is almost all galaxies. There are billions of galaxies in the
universe.
Superclusters of galaxies are regions in which clusters of galaxies are tightly packed
between the superclusters are huge voids.
Universe is everything together (galaxies, dark matter, dark energy) and there is only
one universe that we know of.
Where did these objects and elements we see in the universe come from, how/where
were they formed? - ANSWER Universe started from the Big Bang
How old is the Universe and what has happened so far in the history of the Universe?
Where did the heavy 'metals' come from ? - ANSWER Galaxies produces "Heavy"
elements.
Stars formed in galaxies produced ALL elements other than H, He, and some Li.
Galaxies collapsed out of the primordial material in Universe.
Generations of stars born/died in every galaxy.
Star Cycle - ANSWER Stars collapse/form out of clouds of gas/dust and planets may
form around them in disks.
Stars generate energy though nuclear fusion which leads to the production of heavier
elements.
,At the end of stellar lifetime, winds/explosions (depending on mass) scatters elements
in space.
Solar System birth - ANSWER Earth formed from deceased stars and contains
abundant heavier elements like C, N, O, etc.
Earth and Sun formed 4.5 billion years ago when material in galaxy was enriched 2%
"heavy" elements. The rest is mostly hydrogen.
What is the relative scaling of objects in the Universe (is a galaxy or a star system
bigger, is a planet or a star bigger)? - ANSWER
How does distance relate to the age of the object that we see? - ANSWER The farther
away we look in distance, the further back we look in time. (If you see young girl in
space, she is old now).
At great distances, we see objects as they were when the universe was much younger.
What is an astronomical unit? - ANSWER Earth's distance from the Sun (150 million
kilometers)
How do things move in the Universe? (daily rotations of Earth, yearly orbit of Earth,
movement of Sun in galaxy, movement of Milky Way in Universe) - ANSWER Earth
rotates around its axis once a day (23 hrs, 56 mins, 4.09s).
Earth takes one year to orbit (revolves around) the Sun.
Sun moves relative to local stars.
Milky Way Galaxy disk rotates.
Milky Way moves in Local Group where gravity pulls together galaxies in the local
group.
What is the ecliptic? - ANSWER the path of the Sun on the celestial sphere and the
projection of Earth's orbit onto the celestial sphere.
What is right ascension? - ANSWER describes how far east of the March equinox an
object is located on the celestial sphere.
What is the celestial sphere? - ANSWER an imaginary sphere that's centered on Earth
and used to describe the position of celestial objects in the sky
What is declination? - ANSWER describes an object's position north or south of the
celestial equator on the celestial sphere.
, What is latitude? - ANSWER describes an object's position north or south of the equator
on Earth.
What is longitude? - ANSWER describes an object's position east or west of Greenwich,
England on Earth.
How do you measure a solar day? - ANSWER record the time it takes for the Sun to
appear in the same position in the sky (essentially from one noon to the next where
noon is defined as the moment the Sun reaches its highest point directly overhead,
marking the passage of the Sun across the local meridian).
Why do we have eclipses? - ANSWER they occur due to the alignment of the Sun,
Earth, and Moon in their orbits and causes shadows
When does a solar eclipse occur?(during New Moon phase) - ANSWER A solar eclipse
occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, causing the Moon to cast a
shadow on Earth.
Sun appears partially blocked from view.
When does a lunar eclipse occur? (During Full Moon phase) - ANSWER when the
Moon passes though Earth's shadow.
A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, causing Earth to
cast a shadow on the Moon (or Earth's shadow falls on the Moon).
View of Moon partially blocked out during a lunar eclipse.
What are the types of solar and lunar eclipses? - ANSWER 3 types of lunar eclipse:
total (moon passes entirely through umbra), partial (part of the moon passes through
Umbra) , penumbral (Moon passes through penumbra)
Lunar Phases - ANSWER lunar cycle takes 29 1/2 days (time for the moon's orbit and
the Earth's motion around the Sun)
Lunar phases= shape of the illuminated portion of the Moon seen by the observer
If Sun illuminates 50% of the moon, we see 50% of the moon.
Dark side of the Moon is the half we do not see from Earth.
What is the effect of the Moon's varying distance from the Earth? - ANSWER primarily
affects the strength of ocean tides with higher tides occurring when the Moon is closest
to Earth (perigee) and lower tides when it's furthest away (apogee)
