Cellular Respiration Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Cellular Respiration Questions and Answers 100% Pass Where does cellular respiration take place in eukaryotic cells? In eukaryotic cells, cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, specifically in the matrix and inner membrane. What are the three main stages of cellular respiration? The three main stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. What is the role of glycolysis in cellular respiration? Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH in the process. What happens to the pyruvate produced in glycolysis? Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria, where it undergoes further breakdown in the citric acid cycle if oxygen is available. 2 How does cellular respiration produce ATP? Cellular respiration produces ATP through the processes of substrate-level phosphorylation (in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation (in the electron transport chain). What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration? NADH and FADH2 act as electron carriers, transporting high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production. What is the citric acid cycle, and what does it produce? The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, processes acetyl-CoA, producing ATP, NADH, FADH2, and carbon dioxide as byproducts. How does the electron transport chain generate ATP? The electron transport chain generates ATP by transferring electrons through protein complexes, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthase to produce ATP. What role does oxygen play in the electron transport chain? 3 Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, combining with electrons and protons to form water. What is chemiosmosis in the context of cellular respiration? Chemiosmosis is the movement of protons through ATP synthase, using the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain to produce ATP. What is the importance of the proton gradient in cellular respiration? The proton gradient stores potential energy, which is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. How many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules from one molecule of glucose, depending on cellular efficiency. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces a large amount of ATP, while anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and produces much less ATP. 4 What is the byproduct of anaerobic respiration in humans? The byproduct of anaerobic respiration in humans is lactic acid, which is produced during lactic acid fermentation when oxygen is limited.