Hydrophilic
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molecule with the ability to bond with water; "water-loving"
Phospholipid
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membranes' major constituent; comprised of two fatty acids and a
phosphate-containing group attached to a glycerol backbone
Phosphodiester linkage
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covalent chemical bond that holds together the polynucleotide chains with
a phosphate group linking neighboring nucleotides' two pentose sugars
Hydrophobic
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molecule that does not have the ability to bond with water; "water-hating"
beta-pleated sheet (β-pleated)
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secondary structure in proteins in which hydrogen bonding forms "pleats"
between atoms on the polypeptide chain's backbone
integral protein
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protein integrated into the membrane structure that interacts extensively
with the membrane lipids' hydrocarbon chains and often spans the
membrane
Isotonic
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situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid
inside the cell, resulting in no net water movement into or out of the cell
Polymer
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chain of monomer residues that covalent bonds link; polymerization is the
process of polymer formation from monomers by condensation
Nucleolus
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darkly staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for assembling
ribosome subunits
, Pinocytosis
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a variation of endocytosis that imports macromolecules that the cell needs
from the extracellular fluidPlasmolysis detaching the cell membrane from
the cell wall and constricting the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a
hypertonic solution
tight junction
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protein adherence that creates a firm seal between two adjacent animal
cells
Cytoskeleton
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protein fiber network that collectively maintains the cell's shape, secures
some organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to
move within the cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move
independently
Lipid
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molecule with the ability to bond with water; "water-loving"
Phospholipid
,Give this one a try later!
membranes' major constituent; comprised of two fatty acids and a
phosphate-containing group attached to a glycerol backbone
Phosphodiester linkage
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covalent chemical bond that holds together the polynucleotide chains with
a phosphate group linking neighboring nucleotides' two pentose sugars
Hydrophobic
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molecule that does not have the ability to bond with water; "water-hating"
beta-pleated sheet (β-pleated)
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secondary structure in proteins in which hydrogen bonding forms "pleats"
between atoms on the polypeptide chain's backbone
integral protein
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protein integrated into the membrane structure that interacts extensively
with the membrane lipids' hydrocarbon chains and often spans the
membrane
Isotonic
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situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid
inside the cell, resulting in no net water movement into or out of the cell
Polymer
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chain of monomer residues that covalent bonds link; polymerization is the
process of polymer formation from monomers by condensation
Nucleolus
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darkly staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for assembling
ribosome subunits
, Pinocytosis
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a variation of endocytosis that imports macromolecules that the cell needs
from the extracellular fluidPlasmolysis detaching the cell membrane from
the cell wall and constricting the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a
hypertonic solution
tight junction
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protein adherence that creates a firm seal between two adjacent animal
cells
Cytoskeleton
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protein fiber network that collectively maintains the cell's shape, secures
some organelles in specific positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to
move within the cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move
independently
Lipid
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