NURS 4107 Patient Safety & Quality
Improvement
Comprehensive Final Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1
Which patient safety model uses the analogy of “holes in slices of
Swiss cheese” to illustrate how latent system failures combine
with active errors to result in adverse events?
- A. Domino Effect Model
- B. Swiss Cheese Model
- C. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
- D. High Reliability Organization (HRO) Model
Correct ANS: B
©2025
, Rationale:
The Swiss Cheese Model explains that errors occur when multiple
layers of defense (each with potential “holes”) align, allowing
hazards to pass through and result in harm.
---
Question 2
Which quality improvement methodology is most commonly used
to test changes on a small scale before implementing them
widely?
- A. Lean Six Sigma
- B. Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle
- C. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
- D. Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
Correct ANS: B
Rationale:
The PDSA cycle is a structured, iterative process that allows
teams to test interventions rapidly on a small scale, learn from the
results, and refine processes before broader rollout.
©2025
,---
Question 3
What is the primary purpose of conducting a sentinel event
analysis in healthcare organizations?
- A. To assign individual blame
- B. To document daily errors
- C. To identify underlying systemic causes and prevent future
occurrences
- D. To fulfill regulatory reporting requirements
Correct ANS: C
Rationale:
Sentinel event analysis focuses on uncovering the latent system
factors that lead to serious adverse outcomes, allowing
organizations to develop systemic improvements.
---
Question 4
Which of the following best describes the role of incident
reporting systems in patient safety?
©2025
, - A. To serve as a punitive measure against healthcare staff
- B. To provide a legal record for malpractice claims
- C. To systematically capture errors and near misses for
analysis and improvement
- D. To replace regular performance evaluations of clinical
staff
Correct ANS: C
Rationale:
Incident reporting systems are critical for collecting data on errors
and near misses, enabling a non-punitive, organized review that
supports process improvement and learning.
---
Question 5
The core principle behind Lean methodology in healthcare is to:
- A. Reduce process variability
- B. Eliminate waste in processes
- C. Enhance employee compensation
- D. Improve patient satisfaction through technology
©2025
Improvement
Comprehensive Final Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1
Which patient safety model uses the analogy of “holes in slices of
Swiss cheese” to illustrate how latent system failures combine
with active errors to result in adverse events?
- A. Domino Effect Model
- B. Swiss Cheese Model
- C. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
- D. High Reliability Organization (HRO) Model
Correct ANS: B
©2025
, Rationale:
The Swiss Cheese Model explains that errors occur when multiple
layers of defense (each with potential “holes”) align, allowing
hazards to pass through and result in harm.
---
Question 2
Which quality improvement methodology is most commonly used
to test changes on a small scale before implementing them
widely?
- A. Lean Six Sigma
- B. Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle
- C. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
- D. Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
Correct ANS: B
Rationale:
The PDSA cycle is a structured, iterative process that allows
teams to test interventions rapidly on a small scale, learn from the
results, and refine processes before broader rollout.
©2025
,---
Question 3
What is the primary purpose of conducting a sentinel event
analysis in healthcare organizations?
- A. To assign individual blame
- B. To document daily errors
- C. To identify underlying systemic causes and prevent future
occurrences
- D. To fulfill regulatory reporting requirements
Correct ANS: C
Rationale:
Sentinel event analysis focuses on uncovering the latent system
factors that lead to serious adverse outcomes, allowing
organizations to develop systemic improvements.
---
Question 4
Which of the following best describes the role of incident
reporting systems in patient safety?
©2025
, - A. To serve as a punitive measure against healthcare staff
- B. To provide a legal record for malpractice claims
- C. To systematically capture errors and near misses for
analysis and improvement
- D. To replace regular performance evaluations of clinical
staff
Correct ANS: C
Rationale:
Incident reporting systems are critical for collecting data on errors
and near misses, enabling a non-punitive, organized review that
supports process improvement and learning.
---
Question 5
The core principle behind Lean methodology in healthcare is to:
- A. Reduce process variability
- B. Eliminate waste in processes
- C. Enhance employee compensation
- D. Improve patient satisfaction through technology
©2025
