Hypothesis Testing Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Diagnostic test - ANSWER✔✔-imperfect process of establishing a diagnosis that
depends on probability rather than certainty
Gold standard- - ANSWER✔✔-most accurate test available, to which the accuracy of all
other tests can determined
sensitivity - ANSWER✔✔-proportion of people WITH the disease who would have
POSITIVE test result if they get tested
a sensitive test RARELY misses people with the disease
(DO HAVE)
Specificity - ANSWER✔✔-proportion of people WITHOUT the disease who would have
a TEST RESULT
a specific test will RARELY misclassify people as having the disease when they do not
(DON'T HAVE)
POTIIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE - ANSWER✔✔-probability of disease in a patient with a
POSITIVE TEST RESULT
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, positive result of a test with a HIGH POSITIVE PREDICTION VALUE means that the
patient HAS THE DISEASE
NEGATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE (NPV) - ANSWER✔✔-the probability of not having
the disease when the test result is negative (normal)
a negative result of a test with a high negative predictive value LIKELY means that the
patient DOES NOT have the disease
sensiviity ? - ANSWER✔✔-patient has the disease what are the chances that the test will
be positive?
specificity ? - ANSWER✔✔-does not have the disease what are the chances that the test
will be negative?
PPV ? - ANSWER✔✔-patient's test result is positive, what are the chances that my
patient does have the disease?
NPV ? - ANSWER✔✔-patient's test result is negative, what are the chances that my
patient does not have the disease?
Ideal - ANSWER✔✔-test that is both highly sensitive and highly specific
Vice versa case - ANSWER✔✔-Sensitivity is increased at an expense of specificity
location of the cutoff point, defining the difference between normal and abnormal test
result is SUPPORTED BY REASON or ARBITRARY - ANSWER✔✔-FALSE;
is is ARBITRARY
increasing cutoff - ANSWER✔✔-decreases sensitvity
increases specificity
finding out someone has the disease decreases because your cut-off increases. you did
not meet the cut of the disease diagnosis
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Questions and Answers
Diagnostic test - ANSWER✔✔-imperfect process of establishing a diagnosis that
depends on probability rather than certainty
Gold standard- - ANSWER✔✔-most accurate test available, to which the accuracy of all
other tests can determined
sensitivity - ANSWER✔✔-proportion of people WITH the disease who would have
POSITIVE test result if they get tested
a sensitive test RARELY misses people with the disease
(DO HAVE)
Specificity - ANSWER✔✔-proportion of people WITHOUT the disease who would have
a TEST RESULT
a specific test will RARELY misclassify people as having the disease when they do not
(DON'T HAVE)
POTIIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE - ANSWER✔✔-probability of disease in a patient with a
POSITIVE TEST RESULT
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, positive result of a test with a HIGH POSITIVE PREDICTION VALUE means that the
patient HAS THE DISEASE
NEGATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE (NPV) - ANSWER✔✔-the probability of not having
the disease when the test result is negative (normal)
a negative result of a test with a high negative predictive value LIKELY means that the
patient DOES NOT have the disease
sensiviity ? - ANSWER✔✔-patient has the disease what are the chances that the test will
be positive?
specificity ? - ANSWER✔✔-does not have the disease what are the chances that the test
will be negative?
PPV ? - ANSWER✔✔-patient's test result is positive, what are the chances that my
patient does have the disease?
NPV ? - ANSWER✔✔-patient's test result is negative, what are the chances that my
patient does not have the disease?
Ideal - ANSWER✔✔-test that is both highly sensitive and highly specific
Vice versa case - ANSWER✔✔-Sensitivity is increased at an expense of specificity
location of the cutoff point, defining the difference between normal and abnormal test
result is SUPPORTED BY REASON or ARBITRARY - ANSWER✔✔-FALSE;
is is ARBITRARY
increasing cutoff - ANSWER✔✔-decreases sensitvity
increases specificity
finding out someone has the disease decreases because your cut-off increases. you did
not meet the cut of the disease diagnosis
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
