Bio 100 Exam 1 SDSU Questions and ANSWERs.
· Important component of cell membranes in animals ·
Regulate sexual development, maturation, and sex cell
production
· Estrogen influences memory and mood ·
Testosterone stimulates muscle growth
o Dietary cholesterol can attach to and make the vessel walls thicker and may
cause serious health problems
proteins - ANSWER -o Most diverse group of biological molecules o
Functions:
§ Enzymes, structure/support, transport, energy source (last resort)
nucleic acid - ANSWER -DNA/RNA, coding for protein synthesis
macromolecule - ANSWER -large molecules made up of smaller subunits (e.g.
amino acids linked together to make proteins, polysaccharides...)
isomer - ANSWER -each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a
different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties
peptide bonds - ANSWER -Peptide bond: amino acids are linked together by
these
· Polypeptide: Chain of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Denaturation: - ANSWER -changes in protein structure o
Ex. Changes in pH, heat, radiation, chemicals
What is the "primary structure" of a protein? Secondary structure? What's the
relationship between protein structure and function? - ANSWER -Primary
Structure: linear sequence of amino acids
· Secondary structure: bends, turns and folds
, · Organisms produce many different kinds of proteins; structure is determined by
numbers and kinds of amino acids in the protein · Changes in structure
change/destroy protein functions
Nucleic acids - ANSWER -contain information o
Important organic molecules
o Chains of subunits called nucleotid
Nucleotide component: - ANSWER -o A 5-carbon sugar o
A phosphate group
o A nitrogenous base
Important nucleic acids - ANSWER -Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - the genetic
material
o Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - protein synthesis
How do DNA nucleotides differ from those found in RNA? What is another way
that DNA and RNA differ? - ANSWER -DNA - double chain of nucleotides o
Nucleotides with sugar deoxyribose
o Nitrogenous bases thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine
§ Base pairs
· DNA bases are connected with hydrogen bonds
· Adenine ALWAYS pairs with Thymine ·
Guanine ALWAYS pairs with cytosine
o Hydrogen bonding between bases forms the "double helix"
§ Two sugar-phosphate backbones spiral around each other, forming the vertical
structure of DNA. They are connected by the bases sticking out from their sugar
molecules
· RNA - Single chain of nucleotides o
Nucleotides with sugar ribose o
Nitrogenous base uracil replaces thymine o
Single nucleotide chain
o Function: RNA acts as a middleman molecule. It takes instructions for
production of a protein from DNA, moves them to another part of the cell, and
directs the building of protein
· Important component of cell membranes in animals ·
Regulate sexual development, maturation, and sex cell
production
· Estrogen influences memory and mood ·
Testosterone stimulates muscle growth
o Dietary cholesterol can attach to and make the vessel walls thicker and may
cause serious health problems
proteins - ANSWER -o Most diverse group of biological molecules o
Functions:
§ Enzymes, structure/support, transport, energy source (last resort)
nucleic acid - ANSWER -DNA/RNA, coding for protein synthesis
macromolecule - ANSWER -large molecules made up of smaller subunits (e.g.
amino acids linked together to make proteins, polysaccharides...)
isomer - ANSWER -each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a
different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties
peptide bonds - ANSWER -Peptide bond: amino acids are linked together by
these
· Polypeptide: Chain of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Denaturation: - ANSWER -changes in protein structure o
Ex. Changes in pH, heat, radiation, chemicals
What is the "primary structure" of a protein? Secondary structure? What's the
relationship between protein structure and function? - ANSWER -Primary
Structure: linear sequence of amino acids
· Secondary structure: bends, turns and folds
, · Organisms produce many different kinds of proteins; structure is determined by
numbers and kinds of amino acids in the protein · Changes in structure
change/destroy protein functions
Nucleic acids - ANSWER -contain information o
Important organic molecules
o Chains of subunits called nucleotid
Nucleotide component: - ANSWER -o A 5-carbon sugar o
A phosphate group
o A nitrogenous base
Important nucleic acids - ANSWER -Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - the genetic
material
o Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - protein synthesis
How do DNA nucleotides differ from those found in RNA? What is another way
that DNA and RNA differ? - ANSWER -DNA - double chain of nucleotides o
Nucleotides with sugar deoxyribose
o Nitrogenous bases thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine
§ Base pairs
· DNA bases are connected with hydrogen bonds
· Adenine ALWAYS pairs with Thymine ·
Guanine ALWAYS pairs with cytosine
o Hydrogen bonding between bases forms the "double helix"
§ Two sugar-phosphate backbones spiral around each other, forming the vertical
structure of DNA. They are connected by the bases sticking out from their sugar
molecules
· RNA - Single chain of nucleotides o
Nucleotides with sugar ribose o
Nitrogenous base uracil replaces thymine o
Single nucleotide chain
o Function: RNA acts as a middleman molecule. It takes instructions for
production of a protein from DNA, moves them to another part of the cell, and
directs the building of protein
