HESI Breast Cancer Case Study Questions and Answers Latest Version 100% Pass

HESI Breast Cancer Case Study Questions and Answers Latest Version 100% Pass What is the most common type of breast cancer? The most common type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), which begins in the milk ducts and spreads to surrounding tissue. What are the key risk factors for developing breast cancer? Key risk factors for breast cancer include being female, increasing age, family history of breast cancer, personal history of breast cancer or benign breast conditions, hormone replacement therapy, and lifestyle factors like alcohol consumption and physical inactivity. What is the significance of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer? Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer means that the cancer cells have receptors for hormones like estrogen or progesterone. This type of cancer is often treated with hormone- blocking therapies, which can slow or stop the growth of the tumor. What does a positive BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation indicate? 2 A positive BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation indicates a higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. Women with these mutations may opt for increased surveillance or preventive measures like prophylactic mastectomy or oophorectomy. What is the role of a mammogram in breast cancer detection? A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast tissue that can detect tumors, cysts, or other abnormalities. It is used as a screening tool for early detection of breast cancer, especially in women aged 40 and above. How is breast cancer staged? Breast cancer is staged based on the size of the tumor, the extent of spread to lymph nodes, and whether the cancer has metastasized to other parts of the body. The staging system is typically classified from Stage 0 (in situ) to Stage IV (advanced metastatic cancer). What is the primary treatment modality for early-stage breast cancer? The primary treatment modalities for early-stage breast cancer are surgery (such as lumpectomy or mastectomy) followed by radiation therapy to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. What is the purpose of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment? 3 Adjuvant chemotherapy is used after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence, especially in cases of higher-stage or hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. What is the function of Herceptin (trastuzumab) in breast cancer treatment? Herceptin (trastuzumab) is a targeted therapy used for HER2-positive breast cancer, a more aggressive form of breast cancer. It works by blocking the HER2 protein, which promotes cancer cell growth. What is the role of lymph node biopsy in breast cancer? A lymph node biopsy is performed to determine if cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. This helps guide treatment decisions and assess the cancer's stage and prognosis. What are the potential side effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment? Common side effects of chemotherapy include nausea, fatigue, hair loss, immune system suppression, and increased risk of infection. These side effects vary depending on the drugs used. What is the difference between a lumpectomy and a mastectomy? 4 A lumpectomy is a surgical procedure where