Science Chapter 5/6 Vocab Exam Questions And Answers

Anion - ANS Ion with a negative charge Atomic orbital - ANS A three dimensional region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an electron's probable location Cation - ANS An ion with a positive charge Electronegativity - ANS Indicates the relative ability of an element's atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond Principal energy level - ANS the major energy levels of an atom Groups - ANS a vertical column of elements in the periodic table arranged in order of increasing atomic number; also called a family Metals - ANS An element that is solid at room temperature, a good conductor of heat and electricity, and generally is shiny. Most metals are ductile and malleable Mettaloids - ANS an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals Nonmetals - ANS elements that are generally gases or dull, brittle solids that are poor conductors of heat and electricity Period - ANS A horizontal row of elements in the modern periodic table Periodic law - ANS States that when the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their properties Representative elements - ANS Elements from group 1, 2, and 3-18 in the modern periodic table, possessing a wide range of chemical and physical properties Transition elements - ANS Elements in group 3-12 of the modern periodic table and are further divided into transition metals and inner transition metals Pauli Exclusion Principle - ANS No two electrons can occupy the same place Aufbau Principle - ANS Lower energy levels are filled first Hund's Rule - ANS Electrons occupy their own orbital before sharing