TEST BANK For Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 3rd Edition By Theresa Capriotti, All 42 Chapters Covered, Verified Latest Edition..

,
, Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
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1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
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2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
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3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the ce
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ll compartment.
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4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in t
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wo potassium ions.
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2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created
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o in the presence of oxygen?
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1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid ko ko ko


2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle ko ko ko ko ko


3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A ko ko ko


4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid ko ko ko ko ko




3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
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1. 2 k o k o


2. 3 k o k o


3. 34 k o k o


4. 53 k o k o




4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids ko


4. Deoxyribonucleic acids ko




5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
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1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
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2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
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3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
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4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
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6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
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1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress ko ko ko


2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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3. During a severe hypoxic state ko ko ko ko


4. During the processing of prohormone ko ko ko ko




7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
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1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretory vesicles ko

, 4. Endoplasmic reticula ko




k o 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
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1. Actin and myosin ko ko


2. Prohormone and tubulin ko ko


3. Tubulin and actin ko ko


4. Myosin and prohormone ko ko




k o 9. k o Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
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1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes ko




10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
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1. Accumulation of ganglioside ko ko


2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis ko ko ko ko


3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity ko ko ko ko


4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system ko ko ko ko ko ko ko ko




11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
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1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded. ko ko ko ko ko ko


2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
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3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
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4. During ER stress, n o n d eNgU
r aRd eSdI sT
taB
nc.eC
s Oa c cumulate in the cesll.
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12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely t
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o be involved?
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1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
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2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
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3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules ko ko ko ko ko ko ko


4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum ko ko ko ko ko




13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular compone
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nt is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferre
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d?
1. Transfer RNA ko


2. Ribosomal RNA ko


3. Double helix of DNA ko ko ko


4. Mitochondrial DNA ko




14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, st
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eep climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
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1. Cellular hypoxia ko


2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema ko




15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
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1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases ko ko ko ko