HESI PHARMACOLOGY WITH
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTION AND ACTUAL
CORRECT ANSWERS(A+ GRADED)
The nurse is reviewing medical record notes of a client with bladder cancer
who is prescribed concentrations of methotrexate followed by leucovorin
(citrovorum factor, folic acid). The nurse should include in the client's
education which information about the anticipated therapeutic effect of
leucovorin?
1.
"It promotes medication excretion."
2.
"It will promote protein synthesis."
3.
"It will help to preserve normal cells."
4.
"It speeds up the effect of the methotrexate." - CorreCt Answers -3. It will
help preserve normal cells
A client has been taking isoniazid for 2 months. The client complains to the
nurse about numbness, paresthesias, and tingling in the extremities. The
nurse interprets that the client is experiencing which problem?
1.Hypercalcemia
2.Peripheral neuritis
,3.Small blood vessel spasm
4.Impaired peripheral circulation - CorreCt Answers -2.Peripheral neuritis
isoniazid is an antitubercular medication. A common side effect of isoniazid
is peripheral neuritis, manifested by numbness, tingling, and paresthesias
in the extremities. This can be minimized with pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
intake. Options 1, 3, and 4 are not associated with the information in the
question.
A client with a subarachnoid hemorrhage needs to have surgery delayed
until a stable clinical condition is achieved. The nurse prepares to
administer which medication as prescribed to prevent clot breakdown and
dissolution?
1.Alteplase
2.Heparin sodium
3.Warfarin sodium
4.Aminocaproic acid - CorreCt Answers -4.Aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent that prevents clot breakdown
or dissolution. It is commonly prescribed after subarachnoid hemorrhage if
surgery is delayed or contraindicated, to prevent further hemorrhage.
Alteplase is a fibrinolytic that actively breaks down clots. Warfarin sodium
and heparin sodium are anticoagulants that interfere with propagation or
growth of a clot.
The nurse evaluates that the family of a client newly diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus correctly understands the reason for having glucagon on
hand for emergency home use if the family indicates that the purpose of the
medication is to treat which complication?
,1.
Diabetic ketoacidosis
2.
Hypoglycemia from insulin overdose
3.
Hyperglycemia from overeating at meals
4.
Hyperglycemia occurring on "sick days" - CorreCt Answers -2.
Hypoglycemia from insulin overdose
Glucagon is used to treat hypoglycemia resulting from insulin overdose.
The family of the client is instructed in how to administer the medication.
In an unconscious client, consciousness usually returns within 20 minutes
of glucagon injection. After the client has regained consciousness, oral
carbohydrates should be given. The other options are incorrect.
A client taking an oral laxative wants to obtain a rapid effect from the
medication. How should the nurse instruct the client to take the
medication?
1.At bedtime
2.With breakfast
3.With the noon meal
4.On an empty stomach - CorreCt Answers -4. On an empty stomach
, Most rapid results from an oral laxative occur when it is taken on an empty
stomach. If taken at bedtime, the client will have a bowel movement in the
morning. It will not have a rapid effect if taken with a meal.
A client with previously well-controlled diabetes mellitus has had fasting
blood glucose levels ranging from 180 to 200 mg/dL. The client takes
glyburide 5 mg orally daily. In reviewing the client's medication list, the
home health care nurse suspects that which newly added medications could
be contributing to the elevated blood glucose levels?
1.Prednisone
2.Ranitidine
3.Cimetidine
4.Ciprofloxacin - CorreCt Answers -1. Prednisone
Corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, and lithium may decrease the effect of
glyburide, thus causing hyperglycemia. The medications listed in the
incorrect options increase the effect of glyburide, leading to hypoglycemia.
The nurse is providing teaching for a client prescribed ciprofloxacin for a
urinary tract infection. Which statement made by the client indicates that
there is a need for further teaching?
1."I can take the ciprofloxacin with or without food."
2."I'll need to wear sunscreen and protective clothing while taking
ciprofloxacin."
3."I'll need to contact my primary health care provider if I develop any
white patches in my mouth."
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTION AND ACTUAL
CORRECT ANSWERS(A+ GRADED)
The nurse is reviewing medical record notes of a client with bladder cancer
who is prescribed concentrations of methotrexate followed by leucovorin
(citrovorum factor, folic acid). The nurse should include in the client's
education which information about the anticipated therapeutic effect of
leucovorin?
1.
"It promotes medication excretion."
2.
"It will promote protein synthesis."
3.
"It will help to preserve normal cells."
4.
"It speeds up the effect of the methotrexate." - CorreCt Answers -3. It will
help preserve normal cells
A client has been taking isoniazid for 2 months. The client complains to the
nurse about numbness, paresthesias, and tingling in the extremities. The
nurse interprets that the client is experiencing which problem?
1.Hypercalcemia
2.Peripheral neuritis
,3.Small blood vessel spasm
4.Impaired peripheral circulation - CorreCt Answers -2.Peripheral neuritis
isoniazid is an antitubercular medication. A common side effect of isoniazid
is peripheral neuritis, manifested by numbness, tingling, and paresthesias
in the extremities. This can be minimized with pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
intake. Options 1, 3, and 4 are not associated with the information in the
question.
A client with a subarachnoid hemorrhage needs to have surgery delayed
until a stable clinical condition is achieved. The nurse prepares to
administer which medication as prescribed to prevent clot breakdown and
dissolution?
1.Alteplase
2.Heparin sodium
3.Warfarin sodium
4.Aminocaproic acid - CorreCt Answers -4.Aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent that prevents clot breakdown
or dissolution. It is commonly prescribed after subarachnoid hemorrhage if
surgery is delayed or contraindicated, to prevent further hemorrhage.
Alteplase is a fibrinolytic that actively breaks down clots. Warfarin sodium
and heparin sodium are anticoagulants that interfere with propagation or
growth of a clot.
The nurse evaluates that the family of a client newly diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus correctly understands the reason for having glucagon on
hand for emergency home use if the family indicates that the purpose of the
medication is to treat which complication?
,1.
Diabetic ketoacidosis
2.
Hypoglycemia from insulin overdose
3.
Hyperglycemia from overeating at meals
4.
Hyperglycemia occurring on "sick days" - CorreCt Answers -2.
Hypoglycemia from insulin overdose
Glucagon is used to treat hypoglycemia resulting from insulin overdose.
The family of the client is instructed in how to administer the medication.
In an unconscious client, consciousness usually returns within 20 minutes
of glucagon injection. After the client has regained consciousness, oral
carbohydrates should be given. The other options are incorrect.
A client taking an oral laxative wants to obtain a rapid effect from the
medication. How should the nurse instruct the client to take the
medication?
1.At bedtime
2.With breakfast
3.With the noon meal
4.On an empty stomach - CorreCt Answers -4. On an empty stomach
, Most rapid results from an oral laxative occur when it is taken on an empty
stomach. If taken at bedtime, the client will have a bowel movement in the
morning. It will not have a rapid effect if taken with a meal.
A client with previously well-controlled diabetes mellitus has had fasting
blood glucose levels ranging from 180 to 200 mg/dL. The client takes
glyburide 5 mg orally daily. In reviewing the client's medication list, the
home health care nurse suspects that which newly added medications could
be contributing to the elevated blood glucose levels?
1.Prednisone
2.Ranitidine
3.Cimetidine
4.Ciprofloxacin - CorreCt Answers -1. Prednisone
Corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, and lithium may decrease the effect of
glyburide, thus causing hyperglycemia. The medications listed in the
incorrect options increase the effect of glyburide, leading to hypoglycemia.
The nurse is providing teaching for a client prescribed ciprofloxacin for a
urinary tract infection. Which statement made by the client indicates that
there is a need for further teaching?
1."I can take the ciprofloxacin with or without food."
2."I'll need to wear sunscreen and protective clothing while taking
ciprofloxacin."
3."I'll need to contact my primary health care provider if I develop any
white patches in my mouth."
