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sexual health - ✔✔a state of physical, mental, and emotional well being in relation to
sexuality
what is required for sexual health - ✔✔a positive and respectful approach to sexuality
and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable/safe sexual
experiences free of coercion/discrimination and violence
reproductive health - ✔✔addresses the reproductive processes/functions/systems at all
stages of life
-menses/menopause/fertility, etc
hart's line - ✔✔point on the vagina where the mucosa vs the skin is differentiated; the
boundary of the vulval vestibule
Skene's (paraurethral) glands - ✔✔plays a part in sexual arousal
Bartholin's glands - ✔✔produce a mucus secretion to lubricate the vagina
tissue type inside the vagina - ✔✔columnar epithelium=mucus production
internal os - ✔✔where IUD goes
Where does fertilization occur? - ✔✔fallopian tubes
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,fallopian tubes contain mainly (ciliated)/(non-ciliated) cells - ✔✔ciliated
ductus deferens - ✔✔carries sperm from epididymis to urethra
a purely mechanical structure; does NOT make sperm
site of estrogen production - ✔✔ovaries mainly
female HPG axis - ✔✔
male HPG axis - ✔✔
HPO axis and menstruation - ✔✔
ovarian cycle phases - ✔✔follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase
follicular phase - ✔✔-primordial follicles develop in response to increased LH/FSH
levels
-FSH/LH stimulate theca interna and granulosa production of estrogen and
progesterone
-the LH surge causes ovulation
luteal phase - ✔✔theca/granulosa cells transform into the corpus luteum and secrete
hellllaaaa progesterone
-if fertilization doesn't occur the corpus luteum will degenerate
-if it fertilization does occur, HCG will . be released from the embryo to maintain the
corpus luteum
when does the menstrual cycle begin - ✔✔the first day of your period
what is the life cycle of the corpus luteum (if no fertilization occurs) - ✔✔14 days
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,what happens when the corpus luteum dies - ✔✔it dies about 14 days after it is made
from the ovulation process, the amount of progresterone then drops sharply, which
induces the menstrual period
aromatase - ✔✔converts testosterone to estradiol
estrogen can be made from ______ tissue - ✔✔adipose
onset of puberty - ✔✔8-13 for girls
9-14 for boys
tanner stages girls - ✔✔1: early adolescence (10-13); pre-adolescent pubic hair and
breasts
2. also early adolescence, pubic hair is sparse and straight, breast is a small mound
3. middle adolescence (12-14); pubic hair is dark and curls and the breast is bigger with
no contour separation
4. also middle adolescence, pubic hair is course/curly and abundant with the areola
forming a secondary mound
5. Late adolescence (14-17); pubic hair in triangle and may extend to inner thigh; nipple
projects and areola recedes into the contour of the breast
tanner stages boys - ✔✔1. infrequent erections with villus hair only; adrenarche begins
(androgen production)
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, 2. scrotal skin thins and reddens; frequent erections. Pubic hair is sparse and slightly
pigmented at the penis base. Body becomes leaner
3. lengthening of penis, courser/dark/curly hair; voice breaks and there may be breast
swelling
4. thickening of penis and darkening of scrotum skin, pubic hair is adult like. acne,
underarm hair, voice deepening
5. adult genitals, adult hair; things like beard and muscle development
precocious puberty - ✔✔menses before age 8 for females
puberty before 9 for males
causes of precocious puberty - ✔✔-obesity
-adrenal tumor
-brain/spinal cord damage
-hormone exposure
delayed puberty - ✔✔girls:
-lack of any breast development by 12
-more than 5 years between first breast growth and first period
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