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Biol 482 exam 3 (151 questions) with verified solutions

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Biol 482 exam 3 (151 questions) with verified solutions

Institution
BIO 482
Course
BIO 482










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Institution
BIO 482
Course
BIO 482

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Uploaded on
April 26, 2025
Number of pages
22
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Exam (elaborations)
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Biol 482 exam 3 with verified
solutions

important benthic lifestyles - correct answer ✔- benthos
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- epibenthic
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- benthic swimmers
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- burrowers
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- borers
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- infaunal; semi-infaunal
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- interstitial
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benthos size classifications - correct answer ✔- macrobenthos: shortest dimension; > 0.5
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mm
- meiobenthos: 0.1 mm < meiobenthos < 0.5 mm; greater
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- microbenthos: < 0.1 mm
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feeding classifications - correct answer ✔suspension feeders
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deposit feeders ||||||




herbivores (macroalgae or micro algae) |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




carnivores
scavengers


soft sediments are a mixture of... - correct answer ✔inorganic particles, organic particles,
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and pore water
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,mechanical measures of sediment grain size - correct answer ✔particle size & sorting
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particle size - correct answer ✔measure of current strength median; silt-clay percent (<62
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µm)


sorting - correct answer ✔variation of current strength; poor versus well-sorted sediment
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particle size measures - correct answer ✔median grain diameter & silt-clay fraction
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median grain diameter measured usually by... - correct answer ✔sieving and weighing size
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fractions


silt-clay fraction - correct answer ✔percent of weight of sediment (<62 µm)
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bioturbation - correct answer ✔the disturbance of sedimentary deposits by living organisms
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(usually burrowing organisms) |||||| ||||||




sedimentary structures can result from... - correct answer ✔- physical processes (ex: ripple
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




marks on intertidal sand flat)
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- biogenic processes (ex: fecal casting and burrowing openings on sediment surface)
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hydromechanical burrowing - correct answer ✔combines muscle contraction working |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




against rigid, fluid filled chamber (skeleton)
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- form penetration achor first to allow further extension of body into sediment
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- form terminal anchor to allow pulling of rest of body into the sediment
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penetration anchor - correct answer ✔formed first; allows further extension of body into
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sediment

, terminal anchor - correct answer ✔allows pulling of rest of body into the sediment
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bivalve foot function - correct answer ✔to burrow in sediment
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- mechanical displacement burrowing
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biogenic structures - correct answer ✔burrowing and processing of sediment affects
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sedimentary structures ||||||




3 effects of burrowing and processing of sediment on sedimentary structures - correct
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answer ✔1. burrowing in mud increases water content of sediment
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2. increases grain size (fecal pellets to aggregated fine particles)
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3. alters vertical and 3D mechanical, chemical structure
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biogenic graded bedding - correct answer ✔a regular change of sediment median grain size
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with depth below the sediment-water interface caused by the activities of burrowing
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organisms.
- ex: annelid ingests small particles at depth and deposits them on the surface
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interstitial animals - correct answer ✔- live in the pore waters of sediment (usually sand
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grains)
- belong to many taxonomic groups
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- all share elongate, wormlike form, in order to move through tight spaces
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




mollusca examples - correct answer ✔- gastropods (snails) |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- cephalopods (octopus; squid)
|||||| |||||| ||||||




- bivalves (most common)
|||||| |||||| ||||||




soft-sediment microzone - correct answer ✔- strong vertical chemical gradients |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

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