NR565 ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
100% CORRECT AND PROFESSOR
VERIFIED.
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an
adverse drug reaction?
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients?
simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
,monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM?
Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication?
Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
Do you need informed consent for genetic testing?
yes
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act?
Protects patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based on
genetic information
,Difference between practice authority and prescriptive authority?
Practice authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician
oversight, whereas prescriptive authority refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to
prescribe medications independently and without limitations.
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with
potential long term consequences?
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber
ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or
inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease
blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
, CYP450 inducer drug names
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole,
grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
PHARMACOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
100% CORRECT AND PROFESSOR
VERIFIED.
How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an elderly patient experiencing an
adverse drug reaction?
obtaining a thorough drug history that includes over-the-counter medications
considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes due to age
monitoring the patient's clinical response and plasma drug levels
using the simplest regimen possible
monitoring for drug-drug interactions and iatrogenic illness
periodically reviewing the need for continued drug therapy
encouraging the patient to dispose of old medications
taking steps to promote adherence and to avoid drugs on the Beers list
How can we promote medication adherence with elderly patients?
simplifying drug regimens
providing clear and concise verbal and written instructions
using an appropriate dosage form
clearly labeling and dispensing easy-to-open containers
developing daily reminders
,monitoring frequently
affordability of drugs
support systems
Why do nitrates need to be taken no later than 4 PM?
Need nitrate free interval so tolerance doesn't develop
Nine factors that impact outcome of medication?
Gender and race
Genetics and pharmacogenomics
Variability in absorption
placebo effect
Tolerance
patho
age
bodyweight
Do you need informed consent for genetic testing?
yes
What is the purpose of the Genetic Information Non-Discriminatory Act?
Protects patients from discrimination by employers and insurance providers based on
genetic information
,Difference between practice authority and prescriptive authority?
Practice authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice without physician
oversight, whereas prescriptive authority refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to
prescribe medications independently and without limitations.
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with
potential long term consequences?
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber
ultimately decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or
inhibitors and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease
blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
, CYP450 inducer drug names
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole,
grapefruit juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs?
increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
