HIEU 242 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Versailles treaty - CORRECT ANSWER- Agreement between the allied and central
powers. It was the primary treaty produced by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of
WWI. Took place in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles and was signed in
june 28, 1919
War guilt clause - CORRECT ANSWER- Put on Germany. They were forced to accept
complete responsibility for WWI and required to make reparation payments. Took place
as a part of the versailles treaty. Happened after the end of WWI in 1919.
League of Nations - CORRECT ANSWER- Involved GB, France, Japan and Italy. Was
the first intergovernmental organization established to promote international cooperation
and to achieve international peace and security. Came after WWI in 1920.
Weimar Republic - CORRECT ANSWER- Given to the German government. The
established government after their loss in WWI. Lasted between 1918-1933, the
beginning of Nazi Germany.
Stab-in-the-back legend - CORRECT ANSWER- Hitler's idea that domestic enemies
were blamed for the defeat in WWII. The war wasn't lost on the battlefield but instead
within internally. By domestic enemies such as the Jews, left wing parities, and liberals.
After 1918
Kellogg-Briand Pact - CORRECT ANSWER- Signed by France, US, UK, Ireland,
Canada, etcc. Agreement to outlaw war and have peace. Signed on August 27, 1928 in
Paris.
Benito Mussolini - CORRECT ANSWER- Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led
Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy
with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.
Blackshirts - CORRECT ANSWER- Members of Italian fascists before WWII. It was led
by Mussolini. Helped solidify Mussolini's control
March on Rome - CORRECT ANSWER- A strike "led" by Mussolini in October 1922
(who was no where to be found during this March) in which 30,000 or so Blackshirts
marched to Rome and Mussolini was legally put into power
, Totalitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER- Term coined by Mussolini in the early 1920s to
characterize the fascist state of Italy. It is a system of government that is centralized and
dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.
Comintern - CORRECT ANSWER- Founded by Vladimir Lenin. International
organization founded in 1919 that advocated for world communism, and which was led
and controlled by the Communist Party of the SU, Russia
Magnitogorsk - CORRECT ANSWER- (1930s) a result of Stalin's Five Year Plan to
modernize the Soviet Union; a showcase of Soviet achievement; was the prime location
for a steel plant to challenge western rivals; thousands of forced laborers worked here in
awful living conditions; water was rationed
Josef Stalin - CORRECT ANSWER- Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet
Communist Party after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928-1953. He led
the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial
production and terror to crush all opposition.
Stakhanovites (1935) - CORRECT ANSWER- These were workers who exceeded their
production targets. They were rewarded with special status and perks like free holidays,
cash bonuses and better housing. This was not very socialist. It shows how Stalin was
willing to sacrifice ideology for the sake of production.
Gulag - CORRECT ANSWER- in the Soviet Union, a system of forced labor camps in
which millions of criminals and political prisoners were held under Stalin. Around 1920s
to the mid 50s.
Collectivization - CORRECT ANSWER- The process seen in the Soviet Union and
Communist China to form communal work units for agriculture and manufacturing--from
private hands to large, collective, government operations.
Five Year Plan - CORRECT ANSWER- plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the
development of the Soviet Union's economy
Show Trials (1936-1938) - CORRECT ANSWER- Public trials of Stalin's enemies to
terrorize the population into obedience
Terror Famine (Holodomor) - CORRECT ANSWER- 1932; result of the conflict between
the kulaks and government thus leading to starvation for the impoverished people
starve; killed 5-8 million in Ukraine area
Versailles treaty - CORRECT ANSWER- Agreement between the allied and central
powers. It was the primary treaty produced by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of
WWI. Took place in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles and was signed in
june 28, 1919
War guilt clause - CORRECT ANSWER- Put on Germany. They were forced to accept
complete responsibility for WWI and required to make reparation payments. Took place
as a part of the versailles treaty. Happened after the end of WWI in 1919.
League of Nations - CORRECT ANSWER- Involved GB, France, Japan and Italy. Was
the first intergovernmental organization established to promote international cooperation
and to achieve international peace and security. Came after WWI in 1920.
Weimar Republic - CORRECT ANSWER- Given to the German government. The
established government after their loss in WWI. Lasted between 1918-1933, the
beginning of Nazi Germany.
Stab-in-the-back legend - CORRECT ANSWER- Hitler's idea that domestic enemies
were blamed for the defeat in WWII. The war wasn't lost on the battlefield but instead
within internally. By domestic enemies such as the Jews, left wing parities, and liberals.
After 1918
Kellogg-Briand Pact - CORRECT ANSWER- Signed by France, US, UK, Ireland,
Canada, etcc. Agreement to outlaw war and have peace. Signed on August 27, 1928 in
Paris.
Benito Mussolini - CORRECT ANSWER- Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led
Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy
with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.
Blackshirts - CORRECT ANSWER- Members of Italian fascists before WWII. It was led
by Mussolini. Helped solidify Mussolini's control
March on Rome - CORRECT ANSWER- A strike "led" by Mussolini in October 1922
(who was no where to be found during this March) in which 30,000 or so Blackshirts
marched to Rome and Mussolini was legally put into power
, Totalitarianism - CORRECT ANSWER- Term coined by Mussolini in the early 1920s to
characterize the fascist state of Italy. It is a system of government that is centralized and
dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.
Comintern - CORRECT ANSWER- Founded by Vladimir Lenin. International
organization founded in 1919 that advocated for world communism, and which was led
and controlled by the Communist Party of the SU, Russia
Magnitogorsk - CORRECT ANSWER- (1930s) a result of Stalin's Five Year Plan to
modernize the Soviet Union; a showcase of Soviet achievement; was the prime location
for a steel plant to challenge western rivals; thousands of forced laborers worked here in
awful living conditions; water was rationed
Josef Stalin - CORRECT ANSWER- Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet
Communist Party after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928-1953. He led
the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial
production and terror to crush all opposition.
Stakhanovites (1935) - CORRECT ANSWER- These were workers who exceeded their
production targets. They were rewarded with special status and perks like free holidays,
cash bonuses and better housing. This was not very socialist. It shows how Stalin was
willing to sacrifice ideology for the sake of production.
Gulag - CORRECT ANSWER- in the Soviet Union, a system of forced labor camps in
which millions of criminals and political prisoners were held under Stalin. Around 1920s
to the mid 50s.
Collectivization - CORRECT ANSWER- The process seen in the Soviet Union and
Communist China to form communal work units for agriculture and manufacturing--from
private hands to large, collective, government operations.
Five Year Plan - CORRECT ANSWER- plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the
development of the Soviet Union's economy
Show Trials (1936-1938) - CORRECT ANSWER- Public trials of Stalin's enemies to
terrorize the population into obedience
Terror Famine (Holodomor) - CORRECT ANSWER- 1932; result of the conflict between
the kulaks and government thus leading to starvation for the impoverished people
starve; killed 5-8 million in Ukraine area
