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Pharmaceutics Exam 1 (184 questions) with verified detailed answers

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Pharmaceutics Exam 1 (184 questions) with verified detailed answers

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Pharmaceutics Exam 1 (184
questions) with verified
detailed answers
NCE - correct answer ✔new chemical entity
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔Study the extent and rate of ADME |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Pharmacodynamics - correct answer ✔Study the relationship between drug concentration and its |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




effect



Bio-pharmaceutics - correct answer ✔study of the impact of physicochemical properties of the drug |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




and drug product on drug delivery and absorption under normal or pathological condition
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Pharmacogenomics - correct answer ✔deals with the influence of genetic variation on a drug's |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




efficacy and toxicity |||||| ||||||




Pharmaceutical technology - correct answer ✔technologies involving development of dosage forms |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Early Drugs - correct answer ✔Botanicals used: acacia, castor bean, fennel
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Minerals: iron oxide, sulfur |||||| |||||| ||||||




Prescriptions for a purge, stomach, and headaches |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Hippocrates - correct answer ✔Father of medicine, "pharmakon", introduced scientific systemized
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




medical knowledge, started clinical observations
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,Dioscorides - correct answer ✔Author of the Materia Medica |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-botanist who studied naturally occurring medicinal materials
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




1240 AD - correct answer ✔When pharmacy separated from medicine
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Galen - correct answer ✔Greek pharmacist-physician, wrote abt naturally occurring vegetable drugs
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




and formulations
||||||




Paracelsus - correct answer ✔Matched specific drug to specific disease, changed pharmacy from a
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




botanical science to a chemical science, created effective treatments using chemistry (isolated
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




compounds and active ingredients) |||||| |||||| ||||||




Europe late 18th Century - correct answer ✔Uniformity beginning to be established
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Karl Wilhelm Scheele - correct answer ✔Isolated lactic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




arsenic acid, glycerin, calomel, benzoic acid, and oxygen
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Friedrich Serturner - correct answer ✔Morphine from opium
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Caventou - correct answer ✔Quinine, cinchonine, and brucine
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Joseph Pelletier and Pierre Robiquet - correct answer ✔Caffeine
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Pierre Robiquet - correct answer ✔Codeine from opium
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Drugs prior to Revolutionary war - correct answer ✔Many drugs imported from Europe, some
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




remedies from American Indians, war cut off supplies from Europe -> Americans had to develop
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




own medications and standards
|||||| |||||| ||||||




The Marshall Apothecary shop in Philadelphia (18th century) - correct answer ✔-Leading retail
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




pharmacy

,-large scale chemical manufacturer
|||||| |||||| ||||||




-place to train pharmacists |||||| |||||| ||||||




-passed on to granddaughter Elizabeth, one of America's first female pharmacists
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




First hospital pharmacy (1752) - correct answer ✔-Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-Jonathan Roberts - first hospital pharmacist |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (1821) - correct answer ✔-the first school of pharmacy |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




(1832 - Mass College of Pharmacy)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




(1927 - Meriano School of Pharmacy & 1949 - New England School of Pharmacy merges -> NEU
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




School of Pharmacy in 1962) |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




U.S. Pharmacopeia (1820) - correct answer ✔Created to establish drug standards (influences of
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




synthetic organic chemistry led to evolution of the USP) |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




19th Century Pharmacy Influences - correct answer ✔Native Americans, Industrial Revolution,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




emergence of pharmaceutical companies |||||| |||||| ||||||




20th Century Compounding - correct answer ✔-by 1950s = Pharmaceutical "Golden Era" -> rapid
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




decline in pharmaceutical compounding |||||| |||||| ||||||




-1980s = resurgence of pharmacy compounding
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-mid 1990s = flurry of regulatory activity in response to increased pharmacy compounding
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Proprietary (Brand) Name - correct answer ✔A trademark officially registered by a company (like
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Tylenol from Johnson & Johnson) |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Non-proprietary (Generic) Name - correct answer ✔-The generally recognized or "common" name |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




for a drug (like acetaminophen)
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-Standardized nomenclature established by: USAN Council and WHO |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

, Generic Product - correct answer ✔A pharmaceutical product which is a copy of a brand name drug
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




product, comprised of the same active ingredient(s), strength, and dosage form (like Equate brand
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




acetaminophen from Walmart) |||||| ||||||




Pharmacy Standards - correct answer ✔-The United States Pharmacopeia and the National |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Formulary ||||||




-Pharmakon = drug |||||| ||||||




-Poien = to make |||||| |||||| ||||||




-Pharmacopeia = any recipe/formula/other standard required to make drugs |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-term first used in 1580 in Italy |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Industry Standards - correct answer ✔Set Forth in FDA-Approved New Drug Applications
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




International Standards - correct answer ✔International Organization for Standardization |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




The United States Pharmacopeia - correct answer ✔-1808 = The Massachusetts Pharmacopeia
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




published providing a state guide to drug standards (used by apothecaries to properly fill
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




prescriptions from physicians since it define the entity of drugs and preparations |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- 1820 = The US Pharmacopeial Convention founded in Washington D.C. by a group of physicians,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




only 11 states sent delegates
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-only about 200 drugs included in the first USP since they were the only ones deemed "most fully
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




established and best understood" |||||| |||||| ||||||




-Dr. Lyman Spalding (a physician from NY) = the Father of the United States Pharmacopeia
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-1830 = Pharmacists became involved |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-USP under continuous revision|||||| |||||| ||||||




The United States Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary - correct answer ✔-1888 = the
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




National Formulary published by the APhA |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-included many drugs that were denied admission to the USP at the time |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




**USP & NF standards for strength, quality, and purity recognized a official - 1906**
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-1975 = USP purchased the National Formulary and first combined compendium published in 1980
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

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