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NURS 6030 – Pathophysiology Exam 2 Study Guide

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NURS 6030 Pathophysiology Exam 2, covering inflammation, immunity, and infectious disease processes. It reviews the steps of inflammation (vasodilation, coagulation, kinin system, containment, tissue cleanup, repair), complement activation, and actions of white blood cells. It also covers immune responses (cell-mediated vs. humoral, primary vs. secondary responses, innate vs. acquired immunity), antibody types (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD), cytokines (TNF, interleukins, interferons), and mechanisms of bacterial and viral invasion. Additional topics include prions, fungal infections (mycosis), opportunistic pathogens, saprophytes, virulence, and the stages of infectious diseases (incubation, prodrome, acute, convalescence).

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Process of inflammation: Vasodilation & Activation of plasma proteins
Step 1
Study Guide Response


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-Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, movement of WBCs,
-Activation of plasma proteins
Destroy organisms and activation of immune mechanisms
Fragment C1-C9

, Complement activation (C3 à C3b)
Allows for WBC destructions (opsonin)




Acute


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New, usually of rapid onset and of concern, opposite of chronic




What is cell-mediated immunity? What cell plays an important role?


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Normal MHC cells can be transformed --> antigen is presented by APC -->
helper T Cells --> product cytokines (IL-1 and IL-2) --> B cells response
-T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity




Mycosis:


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infection with a fungus




IgG antibodies


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, majority of circulating antibodies , 2 binding sites




Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)


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-Lymphocytes are programmed to attack non-self cells to protect the body
-T-cells kill targets directly or stimulate the activity of other leukocytes.




How do phagocytes (name some) recognize foreign cells/microorganisms?


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Targeted by antibody or C3b
Neutrophils




Pathogen:


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virulent organisms




Opportunistic:


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