Philadelphia chromosome
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A balanced translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, that is commonly
found in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
CML
Translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22 causes two genes to be
juxtaposed and creates a new fusion gene: bcr/abl
Protein product of bcr/abl spurs cell proliferation & decreases apoptotic
cell death
, Associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Risk
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Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering a stressor
Punnet Squares
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Shows predictable patterns in transmission of single-gene
traits from parents to offspring
Dominant allele (indicated by capital letter)
Trait apparent and will mask recessive allele
Often codes for functional enzymes or structural proteins
Recessive allele (indicated by lowercase letter)
Trait apparent only if both alleles are recessive
Often codes for nonfunctional enzymes or structural
proteins
*used more in genetic diseases where the sex of the
offspring does not matter
What is the primary role of genes?
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Directs synthesis of a protein
Take Home Message About Action Potentials
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Resting Membrane Potential Dominated by K+
Upstroke of Action Potential --> Na+
Repolarization --> K+
In cardiac tissue, plateau --> Ca++
Specific Immune Respose
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Respond more effectively to 2nd exposure
Highly selective in ability to recognize antigens
B and T lymphocytes
Slow to develop
More efficient on subsequent exposure
Prevalence
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, A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of
having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the total
number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is
the total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by
the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Immunoglobulins involved in Hypersensitivity Reactions
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Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity
-Most rapid, skin swelling
Contact hypersensitivity
-Most familiar type, epidermal phenomenon
-Peaks 48 -72 hrs
Tuberculin-type hypersensitivity
-Individual (previously infected by TB) exposed to tuberculin antigen in TB
test
-Dermal phenomenon peaks 48 -72 hrs
Granulomatous hypersensitivity
-Chronic
-Tissue destruction
-Antigen not destroyed within the macrophages
-Failure of lysosome-phagosome fusion
-Forms a granulomascar tissue or necrosis (caseous /cheesy )
Hypokalemia on Resting Membrane Potential
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Give this one a try later!
A balanced translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, that is commonly
found in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
CML
Translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22 causes two genes to be
juxtaposed and creates a new fusion gene: bcr/abl
Protein product of bcr/abl spurs cell proliferation & decreases apoptotic
cell death
, Associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Risk
Give this one a try later!
Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the likelihood of
encountering a stressor
Punnet Squares
Give this one a try later!
Shows predictable patterns in transmission of single-gene
traits from parents to offspring
Dominant allele (indicated by capital letter)
Trait apparent and will mask recessive allele
Often codes for functional enzymes or structural proteins
Recessive allele (indicated by lowercase letter)
Trait apparent only if both alleles are recessive
Often codes for nonfunctional enzymes or structural
proteins
*used more in genetic diseases where the sex of the
offspring does not matter
What is the primary role of genes?
,Give this one a try later!
Directs synthesis of a protein
Take Home Message About Action Potentials
Give this one a try later!
Resting Membrane Potential Dominated by K+
Upstroke of Action Potential --> Na+
Repolarization --> K+
In cardiac tissue, plateau --> Ca++
Specific Immune Respose
Give this one a try later!
Respond more effectively to 2nd exposure
Highly selective in ability to recognize antigens
B and T lymphocytes
Slow to develop
More efficient on subsequent exposure
Prevalence
Give this one a try later!
, A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's likelihood of
having a disease. Therefore, the number of prevalent cases is the total
number of cases of disease existing in a population. A prevalence rate is
the total number of cases of a disease existing in a population divided by
the total population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Immunoglobulins involved in Hypersensitivity Reactions
Give this one a try later!
Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity
-Most rapid, skin swelling
Contact hypersensitivity
-Most familiar type, epidermal phenomenon
-Peaks 48 -72 hrs
Tuberculin-type hypersensitivity
-Individual (previously infected by TB) exposed to tuberculin antigen in TB
test
-Dermal phenomenon peaks 48 -72 hrs
Granulomatous hypersensitivity
-Chronic
-Tissue destruction
-Antigen not destroyed within the macrophages
-Failure of lysosome-phagosome fusion
-Forms a granulomascar tissue or necrosis (caseous /cheesy )
Hypokalemia on Resting Membrane Potential
Give this one a try later!
