CJ 2340 TesT 2 QuesTions wiTh Answers 100%
CorreCT
Anomie theory ✔✔ No boundaries, no parameters or support cause crime. Destruction of
fundamental bonds.
Nonconformity ✔✔ Such as crime, it is to be expected when social controls are not effective. So
when effective controls are present, crime doesn't occur.
Bentham, Lombroso, and Bonger's contribution: ✔✔ The idea that criminal justice intervention
can deepen criminality did not originate in the 1960's. These 3 focused on prison.
Bentham ✔✔ Prisons are academies of crime
Lombroso ✔✔ Prisons create habitual criminals
Bonger ✔✔ Prisons create professional criminals
Edwin Lemert ✔✔ Primary/Secondary deviance - Primary deviance is the initial act. Secondary
deviance occurs when a person accepts the label of "deviant" and continues to engage in the
behavior that initially produced the label
Howard Becker, Kai Erikson, John Kitsuse ✔✔ Societal reaction is integral to the creation of
crime and deviance.
Howard Becker, Kai Erikson, John Kitsuse's self-fulfilling prohecy ✔✔ Borrowed Merton's self-
fulfilling prophecy. A false definition of the situation evoking a new behavior which makes the
originally false conception become true. Assumptions about criminals are consequential
, because they shape how people react to criminals. Once you believe the label, you become the
label.
Master Status ✔✔ Whatever you see, and what others see, is your major role in society.
Robert Sampson ✔✔ Ecological bias; police were more likely to arrest in poor neighborhoods
than the fluent ones.
Policy implications of Labeling theory ✔✔ decriminalization, diversion, due process,
deinstitutionalization
Decriminalization (Policy implications of labeling theory) ✔✔ Decriminalize victimless crimes.
Made certain crimes no longer illegal to reduce the numbers of criminals.
Diversion (Policy implications of labeling theory) ✔✔ Divert from criminal justice sanctions such
as: welfare agencies, special schools and home incarceration.
Due process (Policy implications of labeling theory) ✔✔ Punishment should be prescribed by
law and sentences should be determinate. Rule of law: you commit the crime, you do the time.
Reduce discretion. Hope that these policies would result in shorter and more equitable
sentences and thus would reduce the extent and worst effects of state intervention.
Deinstitutionalization (Policy implications of labeling theory) ✔✔ The US incarceration rate in
unprecedented numbers
Braithwaite's theory of shaming and crime ✔✔ 2 types of shaming: Disintegrative shaming and
Reintegrative shaming
CorreCT
Anomie theory ✔✔ No boundaries, no parameters or support cause crime. Destruction of
fundamental bonds.
Nonconformity ✔✔ Such as crime, it is to be expected when social controls are not effective. So
when effective controls are present, crime doesn't occur.
Bentham, Lombroso, and Bonger's contribution: ✔✔ The idea that criminal justice intervention
can deepen criminality did not originate in the 1960's. These 3 focused on prison.
Bentham ✔✔ Prisons are academies of crime
Lombroso ✔✔ Prisons create habitual criminals
Bonger ✔✔ Prisons create professional criminals
Edwin Lemert ✔✔ Primary/Secondary deviance - Primary deviance is the initial act. Secondary
deviance occurs when a person accepts the label of "deviant" and continues to engage in the
behavior that initially produced the label
Howard Becker, Kai Erikson, John Kitsuse ✔✔ Societal reaction is integral to the creation of
crime and deviance.
Howard Becker, Kai Erikson, John Kitsuse's self-fulfilling prohecy ✔✔ Borrowed Merton's self-
fulfilling prophecy. A false definition of the situation evoking a new behavior which makes the
originally false conception become true. Assumptions about criminals are consequential
, because they shape how people react to criminals. Once you believe the label, you become the
label.
Master Status ✔✔ Whatever you see, and what others see, is your major role in society.
Robert Sampson ✔✔ Ecological bias; police were more likely to arrest in poor neighborhoods
than the fluent ones.
Policy implications of Labeling theory ✔✔ decriminalization, diversion, due process,
deinstitutionalization
Decriminalization (Policy implications of labeling theory) ✔✔ Decriminalize victimless crimes.
Made certain crimes no longer illegal to reduce the numbers of criminals.
Diversion (Policy implications of labeling theory) ✔✔ Divert from criminal justice sanctions such
as: welfare agencies, special schools and home incarceration.
Due process (Policy implications of labeling theory) ✔✔ Punishment should be prescribed by
law and sentences should be determinate. Rule of law: you commit the crime, you do the time.
Reduce discretion. Hope that these policies would result in shorter and more equitable
sentences and thus would reduce the extent and worst effects of state intervention.
Deinstitutionalization (Policy implications of labeling theory) ✔✔ The US incarceration rate in
unprecedented numbers
Braithwaite's theory of shaming and crime ✔✔ 2 types of shaming: Disintegrative shaming and
Reintegrative shaming
