PSCH 242 UIC Exam 3 all 85 Acurate
solutions verified.
PSCH 242 UIC Exam 3 all 85 Acurate
solutions verified.
Level of Constraint - ANSWER How much control the researcher has over the design and progression of
the study
Archival Study - ANSWER A study in which data is collected from a variety of historical records and pre-
existing sources.
Archival Study Advantages - ANSWER Can often rely on huge data sets, and there is no researcher
influence risk.
Archival Study Limitations - ANSWER There are alternatives present that can explain hypotheses in a
variety of cases and few ways to amend this. Combinations of statistics could also be used to limit this
issue, such as baseball attendance and weather to limit bias. Additionally, sources are not always
reliable, and there is no control over data collection.
Naturalistic Observation - ANSWER Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations
without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
Naturalistic Observation Advantages - ANSWER realistic picture of behavior, actions are pure.
Naturalistic Observation Limitations - ANSWER Limited scope of observation, reliable and valid measures
are very difficult to create.
General Limitations of Low-Constraint Methods - ANSWER Limited generalizability, limited replicability,
lot of room for experimenter (confirmation) bias, very limited validity of measure at times, mistaken
causality.
Differences between Correlational lower methods of research - ANSWER Higher levels of constraint,
narrower focus, more standardized procedures, control over when and how variables are measured.
, PSCH 242 UIC Exam 3 all 85 Acurate
solutions verified.
Differences between Differential and lower methods of research - ANSWER Narrower focus,
standardized procedures, control over how and when variables are measured, and *additional* control
over Confounding Variables.
Problem Statements in Correlational Research - ANSWER Always contain at least two variables. "Is there
a relationship between variable X and variable Y?"
Problem Statements in Differential Research - ANSWER "Does group A differ from group B on variable Y
(the dependent variable)?"
Differences Between Correlational and Differential Studies - ANSWER Correlational observes a
relationship between two variables while differential observes a relationship between two variables
based on two or more pre-established groups.
Confounding Variables - ANSWER Variables that vary along with the independent variable. A variable
that is likely to have an unwanted effect on the dependent variable.
How to deal with confounds in Correlational Research - ANSWER Statistically control for effects of
possible confounding variables
How to Deal with Confounds in Differential Research - ANSWER Select appropriate comparison groups.
Goal: "all else equal."
Limitations of Correlational Research - ANSWER Cannot draw conclusions about causality. Relies
exclusively on measured variables.
Limitations of Differential Research - ANSWER Cannot draw conclusions about causality. Relies
exclusively on measured variables, though there is more control as they may be separated by
characteristics.
Operational Definition - ANSWER The procedure used to measure and/or manipulate variables.
solutions verified.
PSCH 242 UIC Exam 3 all 85 Acurate
solutions verified.
Level of Constraint - ANSWER How much control the researcher has over the design and progression of
the study
Archival Study - ANSWER A study in which data is collected from a variety of historical records and pre-
existing sources.
Archival Study Advantages - ANSWER Can often rely on huge data sets, and there is no researcher
influence risk.
Archival Study Limitations - ANSWER There are alternatives present that can explain hypotheses in a
variety of cases and few ways to amend this. Combinations of statistics could also be used to limit this
issue, such as baseball attendance and weather to limit bias. Additionally, sources are not always
reliable, and there is no control over data collection.
Naturalistic Observation - ANSWER Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations
without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
Naturalistic Observation Advantages - ANSWER realistic picture of behavior, actions are pure.
Naturalistic Observation Limitations - ANSWER Limited scope of observation, reliable and valid measures
are very difficult to create.
General Limitations of Low-Constraint Methods - ANSWER Limited generalizability, limited replicability,
lot of room for experimenter (confirmation) bias, very limited validity of measure at times, mistaken
causality.
Differences between Correlational lower methods of research - ANSWER Higher levels of constraint,
narrower focus, more standardized procedures, control over when and how variables are measured.
, PSCH 242 UIC Exam 3 all 85 Acurate
solutions verified.
Differences between Differential and lower methods of research - ANSWER Narrower focus,
standardized procedures, control over how and when variables are measured, and *additional* control
over Confounding Variables.
Problem Statements in Correlational Research - ANSWER Always contain at least two variables. "Is there
a relationship between variable X and variable Y?"
Problem Statements in Differential Research - ANSWER "Does group A differ from group B on variable Y
(the dependent variable)?"
Differences Between Correlational and Differential Studies - ANSWER Correlational observes a
relationship between two variables while differential observes a relationship between two variables
based on two or more pre-established groups.
Confounding Variables - ANSWER Variables that vary along with the independent variable. A variable
that is likely to have an unwanted effect on the dependent variable.
How to deal with confounds in Correlational Research - ANSWER Statistically control for effects of
possible confounding variables
How to Deal with Confounds in Differential Research - ANSWER Select appropriate comparison groups.
Goal: "all else equal."
Limitations of Correlational Research - ANSWER Cannot draw conclusions about causality. Relies
exclusively on measured variables.
Limitations of Differential Research - ANSWER Cannot draw conclusions about causality. Relies
exclusively on measured variables, though there is more control as they may be separated by
characteristics.
Operational Definition - ANSWER The procedure used to measure and/or manipulate variables.
