NURS 6501N Advanced Pathophysiology Test Exam Week 6

Question 1 Submitted Answers 1 out of 1 points What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? Selected Answer: AB Question 2 1out of 1 point The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? Selected Answer: Incidence prevalence ratio risk Question 3 1out of 1 points A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: lOMoARcPSD| To meas ure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration Question 4 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin-related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat? Selected Answer: Infection Question 5 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selected Answer: Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are a source of increased ammonia. Question 6 1out of 1 points What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability? Selected Answer: Fragile X syndrome Question 7 1 out of 1 points lOMoARcPSD| What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection? Selected Answer: It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA. Question 8 Which renal change is found in older adults? Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons Question 9 1 out of 1 points 1 out of 1 points In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? Selected Answer: Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation Question 10 1 out of 1 points Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? Selected Answer: Glycolysis Question 11 1 out of 1 points A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see? Selected Answer: Pulse and blood pressure changes Question 12 1 out of 1 points A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus? lOMoARcPSD| Selected Answer: An autoimmune cause factor lOMoARcPSD| Question 13 1out of 1 points A patient has a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 30mmHg. What assessment finding by the healthcare professional would be most consistent with this reading? Selected Answer: Pink, frothy sputum Question 14 1out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine. Question 15 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action? Selected Answer: Avoidance of the causative agent Question 16 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the pathophysiologic process of alcoholic cirrhosis. What statement by the professional would not be consistent with complete knowledge about this process? Selected Answer: Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi. Question 17 1out of 1 points The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism? Selected Answer: Lymphatic obstruction lOMoARcPSD| Question 18 1out of 1 points How does progressive nephron injury affect angiotensin II activity? Selected Answer: Angiotensin II activity is elevated. Question 19 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates. Which response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Inhibits renin and aldosterone Question 20 When renin is released, it is capable of which action? Selected Answer: Formation of angiotensin I Question 21 1out of 1 points 1out of 1 points What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls Question 22 1 out of 1 points The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor? Selected Answer: Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries Question 23 1 out of 1 points What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation? lOMoARcPSD| Selected Answer: Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins lOMoARcPSD| Question 24 1 out of 1 points A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional is best? Selected Answer: No, many hormones are made from cholesterol. Question 25 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selected Answer: Atria Question 26 1out of 1 points A patient has a serum sodium level of 165 mEq/L. The healthcare professional explains that the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma are caused by what mechanism? Selected Answer: High sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell. Question 27 1out of 1 points A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet? Selected Answer: Iodine Question 28 1 out of 1 points During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax? Selected Answer: lOMoARcPSD| Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves. lOMoARcPSD| Question 29 1 out of 1 points If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? Selected Answer: Shift to the right, causing more oxygen (O 2) to be released to the cells Question 30 What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance Question 31 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer Question 32 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? Selected Answer: Hemosiderosis Question 33 1 out of 1 points A pregnant woman has Graves disease. What test/s does the healthcare professional advise the woman about? Selected Answer: Blood test for hyperthyroidism Question 34 lOMoARcPSD| 1 out of 1 points lOMoARcPSD| A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem? Selected Answer: PR interval measuring 0.28 sec Question 35 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient? Selected Answer: Signs of decreased cardiac output Question 36 1 out of 1 points A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder? Selected Answer: More frequent blood glucose monitoring Question 37 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selected Answer: Posterior pituitary trauma Question 38 How do free radicals cause cell damage? 1out of 1 points Selected Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane