P age |1
CERTIFIED PARAOPTOMETRIC (CPO) Final
Exam Questions and Answers Latest
Versions 2025 Graded A+
Aqueous humor - ANSWERS a clear, watery fluid produced
by the ciliary body. It provides nutrients for the lens and
posterior cornea.
Choroid - ANSWERS Sandwiched between the sclera and
the retina. This nourishes the retina.
, P age |2
Conjunctiva - ANSWERS clear, cellophane-like tissue that
covers the sclera and the inside surface of the eyelids. The
*palpebral* lines the lids, while the *bulbar*
covers the sclera.
Fovea Centralis - ANSWERS Area in the macula where
visual acuity is the sharpest.
Macula - ANSWERS The central part of the retina, which is
used for seeing detail.
Posterior Chamber - ANSWERS The area behind the iris
and in front of the lens.
Rods - ANSWERS Photoreceptors that provide black/white
vision and are the most sensitive.
Cones - ANSWERS Photoreceptors responsible for color
vision and for clear central vision.
Sclera - ANSWERS The white portion of the eye made up
of a tough, fibrous tissue that gives shape and structure to
the eyeball.
, P age |3
Vitreous Humor - ANSWERS A thick, clear, jelly-like
substance that fills the eye between the lens and the retina.
This serves to support the retina and helps keep the eye
round.
Ocular Adnexa - ANSWERS The adjacent structures of the
eye, such as eyelids, lashes, eyebrows, lacrimal apparatus,
tarsal plates, orbit, extraocular muscles and conjunctiva.
Sinuses - ANSWERS Air spaces within the bones.
Lacrimal Gland - ANSWERS The gland that supplies most
of the tears to the eye.
Lacrimal Duct - ANSWERS The drainage system for tears.
Nasolacrimal Duct - ANSWERS The drainage system for
the tears to leave the eye.
Amblyopia - ANSWERS A loss of vision in one or both eyes.
Aphakia - ANSWERS When a cataract progress to the
degree that it interferes with vision, the crystalline lens can
be surgically removed.
, P age |4
Absence of the lens in the eye.
Chalazion - ANSWERS As the inflammation resolves in a
hordeolum, it will sometimes leave a granuloma (small
lump).
Blepharitis - ANSWERS Inflammation of the lid margin.
Diabetic Retinopathy - ANSWERS Due to poor blood
circulation that occurs with diabetes mellitus, new blood
vessel growth often develops in the retina.
Esotropia - ANSWERS A form of strabismus in which one
or both eyes turn inward.
Flashes or floaters - ANSWERS Caused by mechanical
stimulation of the nerves in the retina.
Glaucoma - ANSWERS A condition in which the optic
nerve is damaged from increased ocular pressure.
Hordeolum - ANSWERS Commonly known as a stye,
occurs when pores in the eyelid become blocked and
inflamed. This essentially is a "pimple" in the eyelid.
CERTIFIED PARAOPTOMETRIC (CPO) Final
Exam Questions and Answers Latest
Versions 2025 Graded A+
Aqueous humor - ANSWERS a clear, watery fluid produced
by the ciliary body. It provides nutrients for the lens and
posterior cornea.
Choroid - ANSWERS Sandwiched between the sclera and
the retina. This nourishes the retina.
, P age |2
Conjunctiva - ANSWERS clear, cellophane-like tissue that
covers the sclera and the inside surface of the eyelids. The
*palpebral* lines the lids, while the *bulbar*
covers the sclera.
Fovea Centralis - ANSWERS Area in the macula where
visual acuity is the sharpest.
Macula - ANSWERS The central part of the retina, which is
used for seeing detail.
Posterior Chamber - ANSWERS The area behind the iris
and in front of the lens.
Rods - ANSWERS Photoreceptors that provide black/white
vision and are the most sensitive.
Cones - ANSWERS Photoreceptors responsible for color
vision and for clear central vision.
Sclera - ANSWERS The white portion of the eye made up
of a tough, fibrous tissue that gives shape and structure to
the eyeball.
, P age |3
Vitreous Humor - ANSWERS A thick, clear, jelly-like
substance that fills the eye between the lens and the retina.
This serves to support the retina and helps keep the eye
round.
Ocular Adnexa - ANSWERS The adjacent structures of the
eye, such as eyelids, lashes, eyebrows, lacrimal apparatus,
tarsal plates, orbit, extraocular muscles and conjunctiva.
Sinuses - ANSWERS Air spaces within the bones.
Lacrimal Gland - ANSWERS The gland that supplies most
of the tears to the eye.
Lacrimal Duct - ANSWERS The drainage system for tears.
Nasolacrimal Duct - ANSWERS The drainage system for
the tears to leave the eye.
Amblyopia - ANSWERS A loss of vision in one or both eyes.
Aphakia - ANSWERS When a cataract progress to the
degree that it interferes with vision, the crystalline lens can
be surgically removed.
, P age |4
Absence of the lens in the eye.
Chalazion - ANSWERS As the inflammation resolves in a
hordeolum, it will sometimes leave a granuloma (small
lump).
Blepharitis - ANSWERS Inflammation of the lid margin.
Diabetic Retinopathy - ANSWERS Due to poor blood
circulation that occurs with diabetes mellitus, new blood
vessel growth often develops in the retina.
Esotropia - ANSWERS A form of strabismus in which one
or both eyes turn inward.
Flashes or floaters - ANSWERS Caused by mechanical
stimulation of the nerves in the retina.
Glaucoma - ANSWERS A condition in which the optic
nerve is damaged from increased ocular pressure.
Hordeolum - ANSWERS Commonly known as a stye,
occurs when pores in the eyelid become blocked and
inflamed. This essentially is a "pimple" in the eyelid.
