ADULT ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Review
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Latest Versions 2025 Graded A+
In general, and outside certain disease states, the greater the stretch of the muscle cell,
the greater the force of contraction:
A. Frank's law of the heart
B. Frank-Starling law of the heart
C. Force-velocity relationship
D. Interval-length relationship -Answer- B
The percentage of blood pumped out of the heart per beat is called:
A. Stroke volume
B. Cardiac output
C. Cardiac index
D. Ejection fraction -Answer- D
Failed fusion of the superior and inferior endocardial cushions is associated with all of
the following EXCEPT:
A. Partial AV canal defect
B. Complete AV canal defect
C. Isolated inlet VSD
D. Isolated supracristal VSD -Answer- D
The imaginary boundaries that defined the mid-left ventricle are the:
A. Mitral annulus to the tip of the papillary muscles
B. Base of the papillary muscles to the cardiac apex
C. Tip of the papillary muscles to the base of the papillary muscles
D. Ao annulus to the edge of the MV -Answer- C
,Coronary sinus can be differentiated from the DAO with pulsed wave Doppler because
the coronary sinus flow is predominantly diastolic, while aortic flow is:
A. Equiphasic
B. Phasic
C. Predominantly diastolic
D. Predominantly systolic -Answer- D
In standard imaging (m-mode and 2D), the control that determines the amount of
electrical energy transmitted to the transducer from the pulser is:
A. Overall gain
B. Radiofrequency gain
C. TGC
D. Transmit power -Answer- D
Amplification of received signals is controlled by:
A. Output power
B. Overall gain
C. Pulser power
D. Transmit power -Answer- B
Method used to compensate for the attenuation of signals as a function of time/depth
along the US beam is:
A. Overall gain
B. Pulser power
C. TGC
D. Transmit power -Answer- C
Control that selects the minimum signal amplitude to be displayed is:
A. Depth
B. Far gain
C. Output power
D. Reject -Answer- D
Control that sets the upper limit to which US info will be processed and displayed is:
A. Depth
B. Far
C. Gain
D. Overall gain
E. Reject -Answer- A
Control used when info from a precise point in the cardiac cycle is required is the:
A. ECG trigger
B. Overall gain
C. Reject
D. TGC -Answer- A
,Doppler control that eliminates low-level frequency shifts is:
A. Filter
B. Gain
C. Output power
D. Sample volume length -Answer- A
Control labeled Doppler sample volume depth:
A. Sets the range gate location for PW Doppler
B. Does not affect the PRF
C. Does not affect he maximum velocity that can be displayed without signal aliasing
D. Is useful in CW Doppler -Answer- A
Preferred transducer frequency for imaging a barrel-chested patient is:
A. 2.5 MHz
B. 3.5 MHz
C. 5.0 MHz
D. 7.0 MHz -Answer- A
A maneuver that results in a decrease in venous return is:
A. Inspiration
B. Squatting
C. Straight leg raising
D. Valsalva -Answer- D
A maneuver that results in acute increase in BP is:
A. Inhalation of amyl nitrate
B. Supine to standing
C. Isometric handgrip
D. Inspiration -Answer- C
A maneuver that will result in tachycardia and a transient decrease in BP is:
A. Inhalation of amyl nitrate
B. Squatting
C. Standing to supine
D. Straight leg raise -Answer- A
A maneuver that will increase venous return is:
A. Expiration
B. Squatting to standing
C. Straight leg raise
D. Supine to standing -Answer- C
A maneuver that increases the obstruction in patients with HOCM is:
A. Leg raise
B. Standing to supine
, C. Valsalva
D. Inspiration -Answer- C
Possible pharmacologic treatments for HOCM include:
A. Propanolol
B. Epinephrine
C. Dobutamine
D. Lasix -Answer- A
The method that would best allow visualization of shunt flow across an ASD is:
A. M-mode echo
B. 2D echo
C. Contrast echo
D. Stress echo -Answer- C
The most common location for beginning the adult echo exam is:
A. Apical
B. Left parasternal
C. Right parasternal
D. Subcostal -Answer- B
3 basic planes of a complete 2D echo exam are:
A. LAX, diagonal axis, 4C
B. LAX, SAX, 4C
C. LAX, SAX, Subcostal
D. LAX, SAX 2C -Answer- B
2D echo view that best visualizes the proximal segments of the coronary arteries is the:
A. PLAX LV
B. PSAX AoV
C. PSAX LV of papillary muscles
D. Subcostal 4C -Answer- B
2D echo view that permits exam of the Ao Arch is:
A. PLAX
B. 2C
C. Subcostal 4C
D. SSN LAX -Answer- D
Recommended method for determining LV volumes by 2D echo is:
A. Method of discs
B. Single plane area-length
C. Bullet method
D. Prolate ellipse method -Answer- A
The ellipsoid single-plane method for determining LV volumes by 2D echo is also called:
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Latest Versions 2025 Graded A+
In general, and outside certain disease states, the greater the stretch of the muscle cell,
the greater the force of contraction:
A. Frank's law of the heart
B. Frank-Starling law of the heart
C. Force-velocity relationship
D. Interval-length relationship -Answer- B
The percentage of blood pumped out of the heart per beat is called:
A. Stroke volume
B. Cardiac output
C. Cardiac index
D. Ejection fraction -Answer- D
Failed fusion of the superior and inferior endocardial cushions is associated with all of
the following EXCEPT:
A. Partial AV canal defect
B. Complete AV canal defect
C. Isolated inlet VSD
D. Isolated supracristal VSD -Answer- D
The imaginary boundaries that defined the mid-left ventricle are the:
A. Mitral annulus to the tip of the papillary muscles
B. Base of the papillary muscles to the cardiac apex
C. Tip of the papillary muscles to the base of the papillary muscles
D. Ao annulus to the edge of the MV -Answer- C
,Coronary sinus can be differentiated from the DAO with pulsed wave Doppler because
the coronary sinus flow is predominantly diastolic, while aortic flow is:
A. Equiphasic
B. Phasic
C. Predominantly diastolic
D. Predominantly systolic -Answer- D
In standard imaging (m-mode and 2D), the control that determines the amount of
electrical energy transmitted to the transducer from the pulser is:
A. Overall gain
B. Radiofrequency gain
C. TGC
D. Transmit power -Answer- D
Amplification of received signals is controlled by:
A. Output power
B. Overall gain
C. Pulser power
D. Transmit power -Answer- B
Method used to compensate for the attenuation of signals as a function of time/depth
along the US beam is:
A. Overall gain
B. Pulser power
C. TGC
D. Transmit power -Answer- C
Control that selects the minimum signal amplitude to be displayed is:
A. Depth
B. Far gain
C. Output power
D. Reject -Answer- D
Control that sets the upper limit to which US info will be processed and displayed is:
A. Depth
B. Far
C. Gain
D. Overall gain
E. Reject -Answer- A
Control used when info from a precise point in the cardiac cycle is required is the:
A. ECG trigger
B. Overall gain
C. Reject
D. TGC -Answer- A
,Doppler control that eliminates low-level frequency shifts is:
A. Filter
B. Gain
C. Output power
D. Sample volume length -Answer- A
Control labeled Doppler sample volume depth:
A. Sets the range gate location for PW Doppler
B. Does not affect the PRF
C. Does not affect he maximum velocity that can be displayed without signal aliasing
D. Is useful in CW Doppler -Answer- A
Preferred transducer frequency for imaging a barrel-chested patient is:
A. 2.5 MHz
B. 3.5 MHz
C. 5.0 MHz
D. 7.0 MHz -Answer- A
A maneuver that results in a decrease in venous return is:
A. Inspiration
B. Squatting
C. Straight leg raising
D. Valsalva -Answer- D
A maneuver that results in acute increase in BP is:
A. Inhalation of amyl nitrate
B. Supine to standing
C. Isometric handgrip
D. Inspiration -Answer- C
A maneuver that will result in tachycardia and a transient decrease in BP is:
A. Inhalation of amyl nitrate
B. Squatting
C. Standing to supine
D. Straight leg raise -Answer- A
A maneuver that will increase venous return is:
A. Expiration
B. Squatting to standing
C. Straight leg raise
D. Supine to standing -Answer- C
A maneuver that increases the obstruction in patients with HOCM is:
A. Leg raise
B. Standing to supine
, C. Valsalva
D. Inspiration -Answer- C
Possible pharmacologic treatments for HOCM include:
A. Propanolol
B. Epinephrine
C. Dobutamine
D. Lasix -Answer- A
The method that would best allow visualization of shunt flow across an ASD is:
A. M-mode echo
B. 2D echo
C. Contrast echo
D. Stress echo -Answer- C
The most common location for beginning the adult echo exam is:
A. Apical
B. Left parasternal
C. Right parasternal
D. Subcostal -Answer- B
3 basic planes of a complete 2D echo exam are:
A. LAX, diagonal axis, 4C
B. LAX, SAX, 4C
C. LAX, SAX, Subcostal
D. LAX, SAX 2C -Answer- B
2D echo view that best visualizes the proximal segments of the coronary arteries is the:
A. PLAX LV
B. PSAX AoV
C. PSAX LV of papillary muscles
D. Subcostal 4C -Answer- B
2D echo view that permits exam of the Ao Arch is:
A. PLAX
B. 2C
C. Subcostal 4C
D. SSN LAX -Answer- D
Recommended method for determining LV volumes by 2D echo is:
A. Method of discs
B. Single plane area-length
C. Bullet method
D. Prolate ellipse method -Answer- A
The ellipsoid single-plane method for determining LV volumes by 2D echo is also called:
