BIOLOGY 255 COMPLETE LATEST
ACTUAL EXAM 1 BASED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
In Natural Selection, some individuals within a species have _ over their competitors that enable them to
produce more offspring. - ANSWER-Hereditary Advantage
The principle theory of how evolution works - ANSWER-Natural Selection
Natural forces that promote the reproductive success of some individuals more than others - ANSWER-
Selection Pressures
_ include such things as climate, predators, disease, competition, and the availability of food. - ANSWER-
Selection Pressures
_ are features of anatomy, physiology, and behavior that have evolved in response to these selection
pressures and enable the organism to cope with the challenges of its environment. - ANSWER-
Adaptations
Features of an organism's anatomy, physiology, or behavior that have evolved in response to selection
pressures. - ANSWER-Adaptations
Change in genetic composition of a population of organisms - ANSWER-Evolution
How species originate and change through time - ANSWER-Theory of Natural Selection
Natural selection is driven by _. - ANSWER-Selection Pressures
Something present in environment that causes that advantage to develop - ANSWER-Selection Pressures
Introduction of sexual selection and how the female of the species is responsible for choosing the mate
(dominant in genetic inheritance) - ANSWER-The Descent of Man
_ talked about evolution of the human species. - ANSWER-The Descent of Man
Antibiotic resistance is an example of _. - ANSWER-Adaptation
Organs only in some of us because there's no longer a need for them - ANSWER-Vestigial Organs
What two muscles serve little or no purpose now? - ANSWER-Piloerector and Auricularis
_ brings about the genetic change in a population that constitutes evolution. - ANSWER-Natural
Selection
A technique called _ suggests a difference of only 1.6% in DNA structure between humans and
chimpanzees. Chimpanzees and gorillas differ by 2.3%. - ANSWER-DNA Hybridization
Chimpanzee's closest living relative is the _. - ANSWER-Homo Sapiens
Medical condition in which one organ is in an incorrect anatomical position. - ANSWER-Situs Perversus
When one organ is on the wrong side and the flow and function is off - ANSWER-Situs Perversus
No two humans are exactly alike - ANSWER-Anatomical Variation
_% of humans have normal individual structures of the body and _% don't. - ANSWER-70; 30
_ is when the organs are in normal condition and they're all there in normal locations. - ANSWER-Situs
Solitus
_ is when the entire organ system is on the wrong side and completely flipped over. Everything still flows
properly and will never known unless a body scan is taken. - ANSWER-Situs Inversus
_ is when just the heart is on the wrong side of the body. This can effect the cardiovascular system and
the flow is off. It can cause problems. - ANSWER-Dextrocardia
The reference man is _ years old, _ pounds, light physical activity, and consumes _ calories a day. -
ANSWER-22; 154; 2,800
The reference woman is _ years old, _ pounds, light physical activity, and consumes _ calories a day. -
ANSWER-22; 128; 2,000
The normal arrangement of internal organs is called _. - ANSWER-Situs Solitus
, About 1 in 1,800 people are born with an abnormality called _, which the organs of the thoracic and
abdominal cavities are reversed between right and left. - ANSWER-Situs Inversus
A selective right-left reversal of the heart is called _. - ANSWER-Dextrocardia
In _, a single organ occupies an atypical position. - ANSWER-Situs Perversus
Conditions such as _ in the absence of complete situs inversus can cause serious medical problems. -
ANSWER-Dextrocardia
Complete _ usually causes no functional problems because of all the viscera, though reversed, maintain
their normal relationships to one another. - ANSWER-Situs Inversus
Situs inversus is often discovered in the fetus by _, but many people remain unaware of their condition
for decades until it is discovered by medical imaging, on physical examination, or in surgery. - ANSWER-
Sonography
The body's ability to detect change - ANSWER-Homeostasis
_ activate mechanisms that oppose it and maintain relatively stable internal conditions. - ANSWER-
Homeostasis
French physiologist, _, observed that the internal conditions of the body remain quite constant even
when external conditions vary greatly. American physiologist, _, coined the term homeostasis for this
tendency to maintain internal stability. - ANSWER-Claude Bernard; Walter Cannon
Physiology is a large group of mechanisms for maintaining _. - ANSWER-Homeostasis
The loss of _ is the cause of illness and death. - ANSWER-Homeostatic Control
_ is essentially the study of unstable conditions that result when our homeostatic controls go awry. -
ANSWER-Pathophysiology
Body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment. - ANSWER-Homeostasis
The internal state of the body is best described as a _. - ANSWER-Dynamic Equilibrium
Balanced change - ANSWER-Dynamic Equilibrium
Average value for a given variable and conditions fluctuate slightly around this point - ANSWER-Set Point
The fundamental mechanism that keeps a variable close to its set point is _. - ANSWER-Negative
Feedback
A process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it -
ANSWER-Negative Feedback
By maintaining stability, _ is the key mechanism for maintaining health. - ANSWER-Negative Feedback
Because feedback mechanisms alter the original changes that triggered them, they are often called _. -
ANSWER-Feedback Loops
A group of nerve cells in the base of the brain that monitor the temperature of the blood - ANSWER-
Thermostat
The body's ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively
stable internal conditions - ANSWER-Homeostasis
Constant internal conditions regardless of external conditions - ANSWER-Claude Bernard
State of the body fluctuates (_) within limited range around a _. - ANSWER-Dynamic Equilibrium; Set
Point
_ keeps variable close to the set point. - ANSWER-Negative Feedback
Loss of homeostatic control causes _ or _. - ANSWER-Illness or Death
Who invented that the state of the body fluctuates (dynamic equilibrium) within limited range around a
set point? - ANSWER-Walter Cannon
A negative feedback of sweating and too warm - ANSWER-Vasodilation
A negative feedback of shivering and too cold - ANSWER-Vasoconstriction
Senses change in the body - ANSWER-Receptor
_ are sensory nerve endings that monitor blood pressure. - ANSWER-Baroreceptors
ACTUAL EXAM 1 BASED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
In Natural Selection, some individuals within a species have _ over their competitors that enable them to
produce more offspring. - ANSWER-Hereditary Advantage
The principle theory of how evolution works - ANSWER-Natural Selection
Natural forces that promote the reproductive success of some individuals more than others - ANSWER-
Selection Pressures
_ include such things as climate, predators, disease, competition, and the availability of food. - ANSWER-
Selection Pressures
_ are features of anatomy, physiology, and behavior that have evolved in response to these selection
pressures and enable the organism to cope with the challenges of its environment. - ANSWER-
Adaptations
Features of an organism's anatomy, physiology, or behavior that have evolved in response to selection
pressures. - ANSWER-Adaptations
Change in genetic composition of a population of organisms - ANSWER-Evolution
How species originate and change through time - ANSWER-Theory of Natural Selection
Natural selection is driven by _. - ANSWER-Selection Pressures
Something present in environment that causes that advantage to develop - ANSWER-Selection Pressures
Introduction of sexual selection and how the female of the species is responsible for choosing the mate
(dominant in genetic inheritance) - ANSWER-The Descent of Man
_ talked about evolution of the human species. - ANSWER-The Descent of Man
Antibiotic resistance is an example of _. - ANSWER-Adaptation
Organs only in some of us because there's no longer a need for them - ANSWER-Vestigial Organs
What two muscles serve little or no purpose now? - ANSWER-Piloerector and Auricularis
_ brings about the genetic change in a population that constitutes evolution. - ANSWER-Natural
Selection
A technique called _ suggests a difference of only 1.6% in DNA structure between humans and
chimpanzees. Chimpanzees and gorillas differ by 2.3%. - ANSWER-DNA Hybridization
Chimpanzee's closest living relative is the _. - ANSWER-Homo Sapiens
Medical condition in which one organ is in an incorrect anatomical position. - ANSWER-Situs Perversus
When one organ is on the wrong side and the flow and function is off - ANSWER-Situs Perversus
No two humans are exactly alike - ANSWER-Anatomical Variation
_% of humans have normal individual structures of the body and _% don't. - ANSWER-70; 30
_ is when the organs are in normal condition and they're all there in normal locations. - ANSWER-Situs
Solitus
_ is when the entire organ system is on the wrong side and completely flipped over. Everything still flows
properly and will never known unless a body scan is taken. - ANSWER-Situs Inversus
_ is when just the heart is on the wrong side of the body. This can effect the cardiovascular system and
the flow is off. It can cause problems. - ANSWER-Dextrocardia
The reference man is _ years old, _ pounds, light physical activity, and consumes _ calories a day. -
ANSWER-22; 154; 2,800
The reference woman is _ years old, _ pounds, light physical activity, and consumes _ calories a day. -
ANSWER-22; 128; 2,000
The normal arrangement of internal organs is called _. - ANSWER-Situs Solitus
, About 1 in 1,800 people are born with an abnormality called _, which the organs of the thoracic and
abdominal cavities are reversed between right and left. - ANSWER-Situs Inversus
A selective right-left reversal of the heart is called _. - ANSWER-Dextrocardia
In _, a single organ occupies an atypical position. - ANSWER-Situs Perversus
Conditions such as _ in the absence of complete situs inversus can cause serious medical problems. -
ANSWER-Dextrocardia
Complete _ usually causes no functional problems because of all the viscera, though reversed, maintain
their normal relationships to one another. - ANSWER-Situs Inversus
Situs inversus is often discovered in the fetus by _, but many people remain unaware of their condition
for decades until it is discovered by medical imaging, on physical examination, or in surgery. - ANSWER-
Sonography
The body's ability to detect change - ANSWER-Homeostasis
_ activate mechanisms that oppose it and maintain relatively stable internal conditions. - ANSWER-
Homeostasis
French physiologist, _, observed that the internal conditions of the body remain quite constant even
when external conditions vary greatly. American physiologist, _, coined the term homeostasis for this
tendency to maintain internal stability. - ANSWER-Claude Bernard; Walter Cannon
Physiology is a large group of mechanisms for maintaining _. - ANSWER-Homeostasis
The loss of _ is the cause of illness and death. - ANSWER-Homeostatic Control
_ is essentially the study of unstable conditions that result when our homeostatic controls go awry. -
ANSWER-Pathophysiology
Body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment. - ANSWER-Homeostasis
The internal state of the body is best described as a _. - ANSWER-Dynamic Equilibrium
Balanced change - ANSWER-Dynamic Equilibrium
Average value for a given variable and conditions fluctuate slightly around this point - ANSWER-Set Point
The fundamental mechanism that keeps a variable close to its set point is _. - ANSWER-Negative
Feedback
A process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it -
ANSWER-Negative Feedback
By maintaining stability, _ is the key mechanism for maintaining health. - ANSWER-Negative Feedback
Because feedback mechanisms alter the original changes that triggered them, they are often called _. -
ANSWER-Feedback Loops
A group of nerve cells in the base of the brain that monitor the temperature of the blood - ANSWER-
Thermostat
The body's ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively
stable internal conditions - ANSWER-Homeostasis
Constant internal conditions regardless of external conditions - ANSWER-Claude Bernard
State of the body fluctuates (_) within limited range around a _. - ANSWER-Dynamic Equilibrium; Set
Point
_ keeps variable close to the set point. - ANSWER-Negative Feedback
Loss of homeostatic control causes _ or _. - ANSWER-Illness or Death
Who invented that the state of the body fluctuates (dynamic equilibrium) within limited range around a
set point? - ANSWER-Walter Cannon
A negative feedback of sweating and too warm - ANSWER-Vasodilation
A negative feedback of shivering and too cold - ANSWER-Vasoconstriction
Senses change in the body - ANSWER-Receptor
_ are sensory nerve endings that monitor blood pressure. - ANSWER-Baroreceptors
