MCPHS A&P Exam 4 Questions With Complete
Solutions
what affects the perception of taste
texture and temperature
what is taste influenced by
olfaction
neuronal pathways for taste
chorda tympani, glossopharangeal nerves, vagus
nerves
accessory structures of the eye
eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, ciliary glands,
meibomian glands, conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus
1. tears are produced in the lacrimal gland and exit
the gland through several lacrimal ducts
2. the tears pass over the surface of the eye
3. tears enter the lacrimal canaliculi
4. tears are carried through the lacrimal sac to the
nasolacrimal duct
5. tears enter the nasal cavity to form nasolacrimal
duct
three tunics of the eye
fibrous, vascular, nervous
,fibrous tunic of the eye
contains sclera and cornea
vascular tunic of the eye
contains choroid, ciliary body, and iris
nervous tunic of the eye
contains the retina
sclera
white outer layer of the eye. Maintains shape,
protects internal structures, provides muscle
attachment point, continuous with cornea.
cornea
transparent window continuous anteriorly with
sclera. Bends and refracts light.
Iris
colored part of the eye. Controls light entering the
pupil. Smooth muscle determines the size of pupil.
Sphincter pupillae: parasympathetic
dilator pupillae: sympathetic
ciliary body
produces aqueous humor that fills anterior
chamber.
ciliary muscles: control lens shape; smooth muscle.
Ciliary processes attached to suspensory ligaments
of lens.
,Layers of the retina
pigmented layer and sensory
pigmented retina
outer, pigmented layer; pigmented simple cuboidal
epithelium. Pigment of this layer and choroid help
to separate sensory cells and reduce light
scattering.
sensory retina
inner layer of rod and cone cells sensitive to light
lens
transparent and biconvex. Anterior surface lined
with simple cuboidal epithelial cells. Posterior
region contains long, columnar epithelial cells
called lens fibers.
functions of the eye
visible light, refraction, convergence, focal point,
focusing.
rods
bipolar photoreceptor cells; black and white vision
only. Found over most of the retina, but not in
fovea. More sensitive to light than cones.
cones
bipolar receptor cells. Responsible for color vision
and visual acuity.
, myopia
nearsightedness; cornea/lens too powerful or
eyeball too long.
hyperopia
farsightedness; cornea/lens too weak or eyeball too
short.
presbyopia
increase in near point of vision with age due to less
flexible lens
astigmatism
cornea/lens not uniformly curved so light rays do
not focus on a single focal point
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure by aqueous humor
buildup
cataract
clouding of lens
external ear
aurical/pinna, external auditory canal, tympanic
membrane
auricle/pinna
elastic cartilage covered with skin
external auditory canal
Solutions
what affects the perception of taste
texture and temperature
what is taste influenced by
olfaction
neuronal pathways for taste
chorda tympani, glossopharangeal nerves, vagus
nerves
accessory structures of the eye
eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, ciliary glands,
meibomian glands, conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus
1. tears are produced in the lacrimal gland and exit
the gland through several lacrimal ducts
2. the tears pass over the surface of the eye
3. tears enter the lacrimal canaliculi
4. tears are carried through the lacrimal sac to the
nasolacrimal duct
5. tears enter the nasal cavity to form nasolacrimal
duct
three tunics of the eye
fibrous, vascular, nervous
,fibrous tunic of the eye
contains sclera and cornea
vascular tunic of the eye
contains choroid, ciliary body, and iris
nervous tunic of the eye
contains the retina
sclera
white outer layer of the eye. Maintains shape,
protects internal structures, provides muscle
attachment point, continuous with cornea.
cornea
transparent window continuous anteriorly with
sclera. Bends and refracts light.
Iris
colored part of the eye. Controls light entering the
pupil. Smooth muscle determines the size of pupil.
Sphincter pupillae: parasympathetic
dilator pupillae: sympathetic
ciliary body
produces aqueous humor that fills anterior
chamber.
ciliary muscles: control lens shape; smooth muscle.
Ciliary processes attached to suspensory ligaments
of lens.
,Layers of the retina
pigmented layer and sensory
pigmented retina
outer, pigmented layer; pigmented simple cuboidal
epithelium. Pigment of this layer and choroid help
to separate sensory cells and reduce light
scattering.
sensory retina
inner layer of rod and cone cells sensitive to light
lens
transparent and biconvex. Anterior surface lined
with simple cuboidal epithelial cells. Posterior
region contains long, columnar epithelial cells
called lens fibers.
functions of the eye
visible light, refraction, convergence, focal point,
focusing.
rods
bipolar photoreceptor cells; black and white vision
only. Found over most of the retina, but not in
fovea. More sensitive to light than cones.
cones
bipolar receptor cells. Responsible for color vision
and visual acuity.
, myopia
nearsightedness; cornea/lens too powerful or
eyeball too long.
hyperopia
farsightedness; cornea/lens too weak or eyeball too
short.
presbyopia
increase in near point of vision with age due to less
flexible lens
astigmatism
cornea/lens not uniformly curved so light rays do
not focus on a single focal point
glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure by aqueous humor
buildup
cataract
clouding of lens
external ear
aurical/pinna, external auditory canal, tympanic
membrane
auricle/pinna
elastic cartilage covered with skin
external auditory canal
