ARRT BONE DENSITY EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
According to the WHO criteria, what is the diagnosis of osteoporosis
based on the measurement of bone density? - correct answers - 2.5 SD or
more below the young adult peak bone density
What is the gold standard technique for measuring bone density? - correct
answers - DXA
Cancellous bone is also know as? - correct answers - Trabecular Bone
What is the anatomical landmark on the proximal femur that gives the
best visual indication of the degree of rotation of the proximal femur? -
correct answers - Lesser Trochanter
Which lumbar vertebra is described as having a characteristic shape of an
X or and H on a DXA PA spine scan? - correct answers - L4
Is Forteo a bisphosphonate? - correct answers - NO
Quantitative Computated Tomography (QCT) - correct answers - -
measurements are volumetric
-trabecular bone can be isolated from cortical bone
-accuracy may be affected by marrow fat
Peripheral BMD measurements are advocated for ? - correct
answers - Screening
What is the most important clinical consequence of osteoporosis? - correct
answers - Fracture
What is the name of the tool that integrates clinical information in a
quantitative manner to predict a 10-year probability of major osteoporotic
fracture for both men and women?
- correct answers - FRAX
What is the major source of precision error in clinical practice? - correct
answers - Technologist
,What is the percentage of trabecular bone in the skeleton? - correct answers
- 20 %
The forearm is not used to monitor the effects of therapy for osteoporosis
because....... - correct answers - rate of change in BMD is too slow
What site is mostly composed of cortical bone? - correct answers - Proximal
forearm
What are the advantages of QUS over x-ray methodologies for BMD
measurement? - correct answers - -ultrasound is comparatively
inexpensive
-patients are not subjected to ionizing radiation
-ultrasound exams are quick to perform
What is the name of the isotope that was used in SPA? - correct answers -
Iodine-125
What is the texture index that evaluates the pixel gray-level variations in
lumber spine DXA images? - correct answers - TBS (Trabecular Bone Score)
When does type 2 primary osteoporosis generally occur? - correct answers
- after age 70
What technique used images of the hand and an aluminum wedge? - correct
answers - RA (Radiograhic Absorptiometry)
New bone is formed by the ? - correct answers - osteoblasts
Cancellous bone is also known as ? - correct answers -
Trabecular bone
How would you start labeling the vertebral bodies on a PA lumbar
scan? - correct answers - Start at L4 and count/label up
With changes in rotation of the femoral neck, what happens? - correct
answers - Increases the BMD
If daily QC fails, what should be your first step of action? - correct answers - -
repeat the scan
-if scan fails again, then call for help
Although the technology is similar with all of the DXA units, the BMD
results are different because.......... - correct answers - -different
calibration standards
-algorithms to calculate BMD
,-differences in the ROI
-different databases
The primary mechanism of action of antiresorptive therapies is the direct
interaction with the - correct answers - osteoclasts
Which site is preferred for determination of fracture prediction? - correct
answers - proximal femur
What is one disease not associated with low BMD? - correct answers -
osteopetrosis DXA results may be influenced by......... - correct answers - -
body thickness
-degenerative changes
-fractures
-scan mode
A great forearm scan should include....... - correct answers - -forearm
centered
-forearm straight
-free of artifacts
Phantoms that mimic the shape and size of a skeletal region are called
. - correct answers - anthromomorphic
phantoms
What is the formula used to calculate BMD? - correct answers - BMD =
BMC/Area
How often should you perform the QA on the DXA unit? - correct answers -
everyday you scan
Radiogammetry is the measurement of bones using skeletal
x-rays/radiographs. Which site was often used? - correct answers -
metacarpals
With voltage switching units, what type of calibration is used? - correct
answers - continuous internal calibration--wheel or drum
For low energies, the most common process of absorption is the
effect. - correct answers - photoelectric
What are some comparisons to the amount of effective dose given during a
central DXA scan? - correct answers - -less than a day of background
radiation
, -less than a round trip from Boston to LA
-one-tenth of a chest xray
Why is the non-dominant arm used in bone densitometry? - correct answers -
reference values reflect non-dominant arm measurements
When measuring the proximal femur, how should the neck ROI be
placed? - correct answers - the neck ROI should be perpendicular to the
femoral neck
What is the bone edge detection methodology? - correct answers - it tests
the machines ability to distinguish bone from soft tissue
What are the two most common methods for shifting the energies in
DXA units? - correct answers - -energy shifting
-k-edge filters
Why do you use the hip positioner during scanning of the proximal
femur? - correct answers - to place the femoral neck parallel to the
tabletop
Bisphosphonates prevent bone loss by.... - correct answers - reducing the
activity of the osteoclasts
If a patient has a history of hyperparathyroidism, what would the
preferred site be for evaluation? - correct answers - 33% or 1/3 of the
forearm
What is important for serial monitoring? - correct answers - precision
What pharmaceutical may be suggested for a woman with a high risk of
breast cancer and elevated lipids? - correct answers - Evista (Raloxifene)
What year was the Bone Mass Measurement Act proposed? - correct
answers - 1997
What type of osteoporosis is a result of menopause? - correct answers
- Primary Osteoporosis Type 1
What classes of cells are involved in bone remodeling? - correct
answers - -osteoclasts
-osteoblasts
-osteocytes
What therapy mimics the effects of estrogen on bone and has
antiestrogenic effects in other tissue? - correct answers - Raloxifene
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
According to the WHO criteria, what is the diagnosis of osteoporosis
based on the measurement of bone density? - correct answers - 2.5 SD or
more below the young adult peak bone density
What is the gold standard technique for measuring bone density? - correct
answers - DXA
Cancellous bone is also know as? - correct answers - Trabecular Bone
What is the anatomical landmark on the proximal femur that gives the
best visual indication of the degree of rotation of the proximal femur? -
correct answers - Lesser Trochanter
Which lumbar vertebra is described as having a characteristic shape of an
X or and H on a DXA PA spine scan? - correct answers - L4
Is Forteo a bisphosphonate? - correct answers - NO
Quantitative Computated Tomography (QCT) - correct answers - -
measurements are volumetric
-trabecular bone can be isolated from cortical bone
-accuracy may be affected by marrow fat
Peripheral BMD measurements are advocated for ? - correct
answers - Screening
What is the most important clinical consequence of osteoporosis? - correct
answers - Fracture
What is the name of the tool that integrates clinical information in a
quantitative manner to predict a 10-year probability of major osteoporotic
fracture for both men and women?
- correct answers - FRAX
What is the major source of precision error in clinical practice? - correct
answers - Technologist
,What is the percentage of trabecular bone in the skeleton? - correct answers
- 20 %
The forearm is not used to monitor the effects of therapy for osteoporosis
because....... - correct answers - rate of change in BMD is too slow
What site is mostly composed of cortical bone? - correct answers - Proximal
forearm
What are the advantages of QUS over x-ray methodologies for BMD
measurement? - correct answers - -ultrasound is comparatively
inexpensive
-patients are not subjected to ionizing radiation
-ultrasound exams are quick to perform
What is the name of the isotope that was used in SPA? - correct answers -
Iodine-125
What is the texture index that evaluates the pixel gray-level variations in
lumber spine DXA images? - correct answers - TBS (Trabecular Bone Score)
When does type 2 primary osteoporosis generally occur? - correct answers
- after age 70
What technique used images of the hand and an aluminum wedge? - correct
answers - RA (Radiograhic Absorptiometry)
New bone is formed by the ? - correct answers - osteoblasts
Cancellous bone is also known as ? - correct answers -
Trabecular bone
How would you start labeling the vertebral bodies on a PA lumbar
scan? - correct answers - Start at L4 and count/label up
With changes in rotation of the femoral neck, what happens? - correct
answers - Increases the BMD
If daily QC fails, what should be your first step of action? - correct answers - -
repeat the scan
-if scan fails again, then call for help
Although the technology is similar with all of the DXA units, the BMD
results are different because.......... - correct answers - -different
calibration standards
-algorithms to calculate BMD
,-differences in the ROI
-different databases
The primary mechanism of action of antiresorptive therapies is the direct
interaction with the - correct answers - osteoclasts
Which site is preferred for determination of fracture prediction? - correct
answers - proximal femur
What is one disease not associated with low BMD? - correct answers -
osteopetrosis DXA results may be influenced by......... - correct answers - -
body thickness
-degenerative changes
-fractures
-scan mode
A great forearm scan should include....... - correct answers - -forearm
centered
-forearm straight
-free of artifacts
Phantoms that mimic the shape and size of a skeletal region are called
. - correct answers - anthromomorphic
phantoms
What is the formula used to calculate BMD? - correct answers - BMD =
BMC/Area
How often should you perform the QA on the DXA unit? - correct answers -
everyday you scan
Radiogammetry is the measurement of bones using skeletal
x-rays/radiographs. Which site was often used? - correct answers -
metacarpals
With voltage switching units, what type of calibration is used? - correct
answers - continuous internal calibration--wheel or drum
For low energies, the most common process of absorption is the
effect. - correct answers - photoelectric
What are some comparisons to the amount of effective dose given during a
central DXA scan? - correct answers - -less than a day of background
radiation
, -less than a round trip from Boston to LA
-one-tenth of a chest xray
Why is the non-dominant arm used in bone densitometry? - correct answers -
reference values reflect non-dominant arm measurements
When measuring the proximal femur, how should the neck ROI be
placed? - correct answers - the neck ROI should be perpendicular to the
femoral neck
What is the bone edge detection methodology? - correct answers - it tests
the machines ability to distinguish bone from soft tissue
What are the two most common methods for shifting the energies in
DXA units? - correct answers - -energy shifting
-k-edge filters
Why do you use the hip positioner during scanning of the proximal
femur? - correct answers - to place the femoral neck parallel to the
tabletop
Bisphosphonates prevent bone loss by.... - correct answers - reducing the
activity of the osteoclasts
If a patient has a history of hyperparathyroidism, what would the
preferred site be for evaluation? - correct answers - 33% or 1/3 of the
forearm
What is important for serial monitoring? - correct answers - precision
What pharmaceutical may be suggested for a woman with a high risk of
breast cancer and elevated lipids? - correct answers - Evista (Raloxifene)
What year was the Bone Mass Measurement Act proposed? - correct
answers - 1997
What type of osteoporosis is a result of menopause? - correct answers
- Primary Osteoporosis Type 1
What classes of cells are involved in bone remodeling? - correct
answers - -osteoclasts
-osteoblasts
-osteocytes
What therapy mimics the effects of estrogen on bone and has
antiestrogenic effects in other tissue? - correct answers - Raloxifene
