Biology Exam 3 Dr. Harris Biology 1200
Questions And Detailed Answers.
How old are plants? - Answer 475 million years old
Why are plants also called embryophytes? - Answer * They have transfer cells that coney
nutrients to the embryo
*The retention of developing embryo by plant rather than shedding the fertilized eggs
*The transfer cells are the placenta of the plants
*They retain and protect embryos during reproduction
*Gametes produced in complex multicellular structures
*Embryo retained by the parent
What are the derived traits of plants, and which were the most important in contributing to
plants successfully colonizing terrestrial habitats? - Answer They developed a cuticle and a
stomata to prevent water loss.
They developed vascular tissue to transport water from roots to above ground tissues.
They started to grow upright so they could have accesses to better light
Why are plants important for essential ecosystem services? - Answer *Oxygen production,
build, soil, holds soil, hold water, moderation of climate, primary production.
*They improve the atmosphere, surface water and soil in ways that benefit other organisms
*Everything depends on primary producers
*We also use them for agriculture and pharmaceuticals
What are the synampomorphies for green plants? - Answer Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Beta carotene ( accessory pigments)
membrane bound sacs called thylakoids
cell wall composition
starch as storage product
sperm identical in structure
, They are monophyletic, a single common ancestor gave rise to all of the green algae and land
plants
Nonvascular plants are paraphyletic
Vascular plants are monophyletic
seedless vascular plants are paraphyletic
Seed plants are monophyletic-fossil record and phylogeny, comparative morphology all agree
??? Review the basics of plant phylogeny - Answer The fossil record of land plants is massive
The origin of the oxygen atmosphere occurred not long before the appearance of animals in the
fossil record and may have helped a role in their origin and early diversification
Green Algae- Nonvascular Plants-seedless vascular plants-gymnosperms - angiosperm
What is the most derived and diverse group of land plants? What is the primary key innovation
for this group? - Answer - Flowering plants
-Key innovation: the reproduction organ of the flower
- Adaptive radiation with three key components: vessels, flowers, fruits
- Transport water, pollen and seeds efficiently
What are the major key innovations that allowed green plants to diversify on land? - Answer
1) cuticle and stomata that prevented water loss
2) Vascular tissue that helped plants be able to take in water from their roots
3) Traheids that have a secondary cell wall that increased structural support and helped them to
grow upright
4)Alternation of generations that helped them reproduce in dry conditions
5) Te development of the seed to retain and nourish the growing offspring, and that allows the
offspring to survives in various conditions until it is ready to grow. Gametes produced, embryo
retained and producing spores
Who or what are the closet relatives to the animals? - Answer Fungi
What is a hydrostatic skeleton? - Answer A structure found in many soft-bodied animals
consisting of a fluid-filled cavity, the coelom, surrounded by muscles
Understand the differences in embryonic development between protostomes and
Questions And Detailed Answers.
How old are plants? - Answer 475 million years old
Why are plants also called embryophytes? - Answer * They have transfer cells that coney
nutrients to the embryo
*The retention of developing embryo by plant rather than shedding the fertilized eggs
*The transfer cells are the placenta of the plants
*They retain and protect embryos during reproduction
*Gametes produced in complex multicellular structures
*Embryo retained by the parent
What are the derived traits of plants, and which were the most important in contributing to
plants successfully colonizing terrestrial habitats? - Answer They developed a cuticle and a
stomata to prevent water loss.
They developed vascular tissue to transport water from roots to above ground tissues.
They started to grow upright so they could have accesses to better light
Why are plants important for essential ecosystem services? - Answer *Oxygen production,
build, soil, holds soil, hold water, moderation of climate, primary production.
*They improve the atmosphere, surface water and soil in ways that benefit other organisms
*Everything depends on primary producers
*We also use them for agriculture and pharmaceuticals
What are the synampomorphies for green plants? - Answer Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Beta carotene ( accessory pigments)
membrane bound sacs called thylakoids
cell wall composition
starch as storage product
sperm identical in structure
, They are monophyletic, a single common ancestor gave rise to all of the green algae and land
plants
Nonvascular plants are paraphyletic
Vascular plants are monophyletic
seedless vascular plants are paraphyletic
Seed plants are monophyletic-fossil record and phylogeny, comparative morphology all agree
??? Review the basics of plant phylogeny - Answer The fossil record of land plants is massive
The origin of the oxygen atmosphere occurred not long before the appearance of animals in the
fossil record and may have helped a role in their origin and early diversification
Green Algae- Nonvascular Plants-seedless vascular plants-gymnosperms - angiosperm
What is the most derived and diverse group of land plants? What is the primary key innovation
for this group? - Answer - Flowering plants
-Key innovation: the reproduction organ of the flower
- Adaptive radiation with three key components: vessels, flowers, fruits
- Transport water, pollen and seeds efficiently
What are the major key innovations that allowed green plants to diversify on land? - Answer
1) cuticle and stomata that prevented water loss
2) Vascular tissue that helped plants be able to take in water from their roots
3) Traheids that have a secondary cell wall that increased structural support and helped them to
grow upright
4)Alternation of generations that helped them reproduce in dry conditions
5) Te development of the seed to retain and nourish the growing offspring, and that allows the
offspring to survives in various conditions until it is ready to grow. Gametes produced, embryo
retained and producing spores
Who or what are the closet relatives to the animals? - Answer Fungi
What is a hydrostatic skeleton? - Answer A structure found in many soft-bodied animals
consisting of a fluid-filled cavity, the coelom, surrounded by muscles
Understand the differences in embryonic development between protostomes and
