Instructor s manual for american government political development and iynstitutional change 12th Edition by Cal Jillson.pdf

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SOLUTION MANUAL
American Government: Political
Development and Institutional Change
12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16

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TABLE65OF65CONTENTS

1. Chapter65165The65Origins65of65American65Political65Principles

2. Chapter65265The65Revolution65and65the65Constitution

3. Chapter65365Federalism65and65American65Political65Development

4. Chapter65465Political65Socialization65and65Public65Opinion

5. Chapter65565The65Mass65Media65and65the65Political65Agenda

6. Chapter65665Interest65Groups:65The65Politics65of65Influence

7. Chapter65765Political65Parties:65Winning65the65Right65to65Govern

8. Chapter65865Voting,65Campaigns,65and65Elections

9. Chapter65965Congress:65Partisanship,65Polarization,65and65Gridlock

10. Chapter651065The65President:65Executive65Power65in65a65Separation65of65 Powers65Regi
me

11. Chapter651165Bureaucracy:65Redesigning65Government65for65the65Twenty-
First65Century

12. Chapter651265The65Federal65Courts:65Activism65versus65Restraint

13. Chapter651365Civil65Liberties:65Ordered65Liberty65in65America

14. Chapter651465Civil65Rights:65Where65Liberty65and65Equality65Collide

15. Chapter651565Government,65The65Economy,65and65Domestic65Policy

16. Chapter651665America’s65Global65Role65in65the65Twenty-First65Century

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Chapter651
THE65ORIGINS65OF65AMERICAN65POLITICAL65PRINCIPLES

FOCUS65QUESTIONS

Q1 What65are65the65broad65purposes65of65government?

A1
The65ancients65believed65the65role65of65government65and65politics65was65t
o65foster65human6 5 excellence.65However,65it65is65imperative65to65remember65th
at65the65Greeks65and65Romans6 5 believed65the65virtuous65should65rule65accordin
g65to65natural65law.65Furthermore,65valuesof6 5 equality65and65order65would65b
e65served65through65a65society65based65upon65the65rule65oflaw65to6 5 provide65
for65the65common65good.65In65the65Middle65Ages,65government65was65 largely65
used6 5 to65facilitate65religion65and65maintained65the65need65for65the65individua
l65to65live65a65proper65life6 5 in65the65service65of65God.65The65role65of65govern
ment65changed65in65the65early65sixteenth6 5 century65by65downplaying65the65rol
e65of65religion65while65alternatively65 promoting65the65role6 5 of65limited65gover
nment65to65protect65private65property65and65individual65rights.

Q2 How65should65government65be65designed65to65achieve65its65purposes?

A2 According65to65Plato65the65philosopher-
king’s65wisdom65and65intellect65would65promote6 5 order,65stability65and65justice.6
5Yet,65Aristotle65takes65a65more65realistic65view65of65Athenian6 5 society65by65ad
vocating65the65best65form65of65government65as65a65polity,65which65combined6 5 oli
garchic65and65democratic65elements65to65produce65political65stability.65The65Rom
ans6 5 combined65monarchical,65aristocratic,65and65democratic65principles65as65a65
mixed6 5 government65within65representative65bodies65like65the65Senate65and65th
e65Assembly65in65 order6 5 to65champion65the65causes65of65both65the65rich65and65th
e65poor.65Government65in65theMiddle6 5 Ages65was65determined65through65divine
65right,65whereby65a65monarch65or65Pope65 was6 5 ordained65by65God65to65rule.6
5Hence,65wisdom65and65virtue65rested65within65these65few6 5 individuals65who65go
verned65to65promote65religious65life65and65protect65the65religious6 5 establishment
.65The65Renaissance,65Protestant65Reformation,65and65Enlightenment6 5 Periods65shi
fted65the65role65of65government65from65upholding65religious65doctrine65to65 secula
r6 5 concerns,65such65as65protecting65inalienable65rights,65including65private65 prop
erty,65and6 5 promoting65commerce.65In65turn,65Enlightenment65political

©65202365Taylor65&65Francis

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philosophers65largely65appealed65to65individualism65and65not65religious65hierarch
y65as65ameans6 5 to65provide65order65and65stability65in65which65individuals65could
65flourish.


Q3
What65lessons65about65government65did65colonial65Americans65draw65from65
the65history65ofancient65Greece65and6 5 Rome?

A3
Plato65was65suspicious65of65democracy’s65rule65of65the65many65 because65g
ood65government6 5 would65decay65into65mob65rule.65Hence,65the65passions65of65t
he65masses65needed65to65be65 quelled6 5 by65more65aristocratic65elements.65With6
5this65problem65in65mind,65the65Framers65ofthe65U.S.6 5 Constitution65referenced65t
he65institutional65design65of65the65Roman65republic65adhered65to6 5 the65tradition6
5of65mixed65government65initially65expounded65by65Aristotle65 and65the65Romans.
6 5 This65was65maintained65in65the65indirect65selection65of65both65the65Senateand6
5the65presidency6 5 within65the65Constitution.65Aristotle65also65advocated65mixing6
5 aristocratic65and65democratic6 5 elements65in65a65governing65structure65called65a
65polity.65In65effect,65this65governmental65design6 5 allowed65the65few65and65the6
5many65to65participate65in65the65politics65providing65an65orderly6 5 society65wher
e65the65poor65should65be65able65to65select65government65officials65who65were65h
eld6 5 accountable.65This65was65also65made65manifest65inthe65Constitution65with65it
s65aristocratic-
like6 5 Senate65and65the65more65democratic65House65of65Representatives.65Thus65t
he65American6 5 republic’s65Constitution65established65institutional65powers65to65go
vern65according65to65the6 5 rule65of65law.65While65the65Framers65rejected65the65r
eligious65hierarchy65of65the65Middle65Ages,6 5 they65appealed65to65inalienable65
rights65endowed65upon65every65individual65by65God,65per65the6 5 writings65of65J
ohn65Locke,65in65which65a65just65government65and65society65could65not65be6 5 imp
eded.

Q4
What65circumstances65led65Europeans65to65leave65their65homelands65to65settle65in65Am
erica?

A4
Individuals65immigrated65to65the65colonies65to65escape65religious65persecuti
on65and65civil6 5 unrest65after65the65English65Civil65War65and65to65pursue65social65
and65economic65 opportunities.6 5 Colonists65enjoyed65a65vast65array65of65natural6
5resources65and65a65large65 geographical65area6 5 where65freedom65of65religion
65and65economic65opportunity65 flourished.65Also,65their6 5 heterogeneous65social65
composition65as65well65as65continual65promotion65of65ideals,65such65as6 5 equality
65and65tolerance,65tended65to65promote65political65freedom65at65the65same65time
65that6 5 social65expansion65of65the65population65was65occurring.


Q5
What65did65democracy65mean65to65our65colonial65ancestors,65and65did65they65approv
e65it?

A5
The65colonists65were65skeptical65of65democracy65and65viewed65this65type65
©65202365Taylor65&65Fr
ancis