A LEVEL PE APPLIED ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY QUESTION AND COMPLETE
ANSWERS DISTINCTION GUARANTEED.
What two factors change heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWER -Neural control
mechanism and hormonal control mechanism
What joint actions occur in the frontal plane and sagittal axis - CORRECT
ANSWER -Hip and shoulder adduction and abduction
What joint actions occur in the transverse plane and longitudinal axis -
CORRECT ANSWER -Shoulder and hip horizontal adduction and abduction
Antagonistic pair at the elbow - CORRECT ANSWER -bicep and tricep
Antagonist pair at the ankle - CORRECT ANSWER -Tibialis anterior and
gastrocnemius
Antagonistic pair at the knee - CORRECT ANSWER -quadriceps and hamstrings
Antagonistic pair for hip flexion/extension - CORRECT ANSWER -Iliopsoas/hip
flexors and gluteals
Antagonistic pair for hip adduction/abduction - CORRECT ANSWER -Abductors
(adductor brevis, longus and Magnus) and tensor fascia Latae/gluteus
medius/gluteus minimus
,Antagonistic pair for hip horizontal abduction/adduction - CORRECT ANSWER
-Adductors and tensor fascia latae/gluteus medius and minimus
Antagonistic pair for shoulder flexion/extension - CORRECT ANSWER -Anterior
deltoid and latissimus dorsi
Antagonistic pair for shoulder abduction - CORRECT ANSWER -Middle deltoid
working, posterior deltoid relaxing
Antagonistic pair for shoulder horizontal abduction - CORRECT ANSWER -
Latissimus dorsi working, pectorals relaxing
What is an isotonic contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER -A muscle contracts to
create movements
What is a concentric contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER -When a muscle
shortens under tension
What is an eccentric contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER -When a muscle
lengthens under tension
What is an isometric contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER -A muscle contracts
without lengthening or shortening so no movement occurs I.e crucifix
position
, Three stages of aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER -glycolysis, krebs
cycle, electron transport chain
What happens in glycolysis in aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER -Takes
place in the sarcoplasm of the muscle
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid by the enzyme
phosphofructokinase
A net of two molecules of ATP are formed
Then splits into two acetyl groups before being carried into the
mitochondria matrix by coenzyme A
What happens in the Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER -
Acetyl co-enzyme A diffuses in to the matrix of the mitochondria. Acetyl co-
enzyme A combines with oxaloacetic acid, forming citric acid. oxidative
carboxylation occurs and hydrogen and carbon are given off. the carbon
forms CO2 and is taken to the lungs, and the Hydrogen is used in the
electron transport chain. Net gain of two molecules of ATP from this
section
What happens with fats in the Krebs cycle - CORRECT ANSWER -fatty acids
undergo a process called beta oxidation, where they are converted into
acetyl coenzyme A and used normally in the Krebs cycle
what happens in the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration -
CORRECT ANSWER -occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria. hydrogen is split
into hydrogen ions and electrons which are charged. These H ions re
oxidised to form water, while the electrons provide energy for re-synthesis
of ATP. This produces 34 ATP
PHYSIOLOGY QUESTION AND COMPLETE
ANSWERS DISTINCTION GUARANTEED.
What two factors change heart rate? - CORRECT ANSWER -Neural control
mechanism and hormonal control mechanism
What joint actions occur in the frontal plane and sagittal axis - CORRECT
ANSWER -Hip and shoulder adduction and abduction
What joint actions occur in the transverse plane and longitudinal axis -
CORRECT ANSWER -Shoulder and hip horizontal adduction and abduction
Antagonistic pair at the elbow - CORRECT ANSWER -bicep and tricep
Antagonist pair at the ankle - CORRECT ANSWER -Tibialis anterior and
gastrocnemius
Antagonistic pair at the knee - CORRECT ANSWER -quadriceps and hamstrings
Antagonistic pair for hip flexion/extension - CORRECT ANSWER -Iliopsoas/hip
flexors and gluteals
Antagonistic pair for hip adduction/abduction - CORRECT ANSWER -Abductors
(adductor brevis, longus and Magnus) and tensor fascia Latae/gluteus
medius/gluteus minimus
,Antagonistic pair for hip horizontal abduction/adduction - CORRECT ANSWER
-Adductors and tensor fascia latae/gluteus medius and minimus
Antagonistic pair for shoulder flexion/extension - CORRECT ANSWER -Anterior
deltoid and latissimus dorsi
Antagonistic pair for shoulder abduction - CORRECT ANSWER -Middle deltoid
working, posterior deltoid relaxing
Antagonistic pair for shoulder horizontal abduction - CORRECT ANSWER -
Latissimus dorsi working, pectorals relaxing
What is an isotonic contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER -A muscle contracts to
create movements
What is a concentric contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER -When a muscle
shortens under tension
What is an eccentric contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER -When a muscle
lengthens under tension
What is an isometric contraction? - CORRECT ANSWER -A muscle contracts
without lengthening or shortening so no movement occurs I.e crucifix
position
, Three stages of aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER -glycolysis, krebs
cycle, electron transport chain
What happens in glycolysis in aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER -Takes
place in the sarcoplasm of the muscle
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid by the enzyme
phosphofructokinase
A net of two molecules of ATP are formed
Then splits into two acetyl groups before being carried into the
mitochondria matrix by coenzyme A
What happens in the Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER -
Acetyl co-enzyme A diffuses in to the matrix of the mitochondria. Acetyl co-
enzyme A combines with oxaloacetic acid, forming citric acid. oxidative
carboxylation occurs and hydrogen and carbon are given off. the carbon
forms CO2 and is taken to the lungs, and the Hydrogen is used in the
electron transport chain. Net gain of two molecules of ATP from this
section
What happens with fats in the Krebs cycle - CORRECT ANSWER -fatty acids
undergo a process called beta oxidation, where they are converted into
acetyl coenzyme A and used normally in the Krebs cycle
what happens in the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration -
CORRECT ANSWER -occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria. hydrogen is split
into hydrogen ions and electrons which are charged. These H ions re
oxidised to form water, while the electrons provide energy for re-synthesis
of ATP. This produces 34 ATP
