Explore New Questions and Answers|2025 Update |
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/. Chapter 1 Evidence based assessment - Answer-
/.Subjective data - Answer-what the person says about himself or herself during history
taking
/.objective data - Answer-what you as the health professional observe by inspecting,
percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination
/.together with the patients record and laboratory results, these elements form the ____
- Answer-database
/.From the database you make a clinical judgement or diagnosis about the individuals
health state, response to actual or potential health problems and life processes. Thus
the purpose purpose of an assessment is to make _____ - Answer-a judgement or
diagnosis
/.An organized assessment is the starting point of ____ - Answer-diagnosis reasoning.
because all health care diagnoses, decisions and treatments are based on the data you
gather during assessment, it is paramount that your assessment be factual and
complete
/.Diagnosis reasoning is - Answer-the process of analyzing health data and drawing
conclusions to identify diagnoses.
/.Novice examiners most often use a diagnostic process involving ____ - Answer-
hypothesis forming and deductive reasoning
/.This hypothetic-deductive process has 4 major components - Answer-1- attending to
initially available cues
2- formulating diagnostic hypothesis
3- gather data relative to the tentative hypothesis
4- evaluating each hypothesis with the new data collected thus arriving at a final
diagnosis
/.A cue is - Answer-a piece of information, a sign or symptom, or a piece of laboratory
data
/.a hypothesis is - Answer-a tentative explanation for a cue or a set of cues the can be
used as a basis for further investigation
,/.once you complete a data collection - Answer-develop a preliminary list of significant
signs and symptoms for all patient health needs. Cluster or group together the
assessment data that appear to be causal or associated
/.Nursing process - Answer-the standards of practice in nursing
/.Nursing process includes six phases - Answer-assessment, diagnosis, outcome
identification, planning, implementation, evaluation
/.the novice has - Answer-no experience with a specified patient population and uses
rules to guide performance
/.it takes 2-3 years - Answer-in similar clinical situations to achieve competence in which
you see actions in the context of arching goals or daily plans for patients
/.with more time and experience, the ____ nurse understands a patient situation as a
whole rather than a list of tasks - Answer-Proficient nurse. At this level you can see long
term goals for the patient
/.expert nurses - Answer-Vault over steps and arrive at a clinical judgement in one leap
-the expert had an intuitive grasp of a clinical situation and zeros in on the accurate
solution
/.First-level priority problems - Answer-emergent, life-threatening, and immediate, such
as establishing an airway or supporting breathing
/.Second-level priority problems - Answer-those that are next in urgency requiring your
prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration. (mental status change, acute pain,
acute urinary elimination problem, untreated medical problems, abnormal lab test
results
/.Third-level priority problems - Answer-are important to the patient's health but can be
addressed after more urgent problems are addressed. Examples include lack of
knowledge or family coping. Interventions to treat these problems are more long term
and the response to treatment is expected to take more time
/.collaborative problems - Answer-are those in which the approach to treatment involves
multiple disciplines.
ex. diabetic patient with the sudden imbalance of insulin and blood sugar has profound
implications on the CNS and GI systems. her condition will be monitored by dr, nurse,
dietitians, and case managers
, /.Principles of setting priorities - Answer-1. Make a complete list of current medications,
medical problems, allergies, and reasons for seeking care. Refer to them frequently
because they may affect how you set priorities.
2. Determine the relationships among the problems: If problem Y causes problem Z,
problem Y takes priority over problem Z
Setting priorities is a dynamic, changing process; at times, the order of priority changes,
depending on the seriousness and relationship of the problems
/.ABCV - Answer-Airway problems
Breathing problems
Cardiac/circulation problems
Vital sign concerns
/.the conviction that all patients deserve to be treated with the most current and best-
practice techniques led to the development of - Answer-evidence base practice EBP
dr. Archie and the use of corticosteroids to treat women in premature labor reduced
infant deaths by 30-50%. Helps stimulate fetal lung. Takes up to 17 years to implement
into practice
/.EBP is a systematic approach to practice that - Answer-emphasizes the use of best
evidence in combination with the clinicians experience as well as the patients
preferences, and values to make decisions about care and treatment
/.Complete database - Answer-a complete health history and full physical examination.
Describes the current and past health state and forms a baseline against which all
future changes can be measured. Yield the first diagnosis
Collected in PED/FAM practice, college health, women health, or community health
agencies. Hospital
/.Focused or Problem-Centered Database - Answer-For limited or short term problem.
Collect "mini" database, smaller in scope, concerns mainly one problem, one cue
complex, or one body system
-used in hospital, primary care, or long-term care
/.Follow-up database - Answer-used in all settings to monitor progress of short-term or
chronic health problems
/.Emergency database - Answer-rapid collection of the database, often compiled
concurrently with lifesaving measures. Diagnosis must be swift and sure. Patient OD-
what did you take, when, how much