EADP FINAL EXAM 2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Natural Disasters and Focusing events - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Earthquakes receive more attention
on policy than hurricanes because: congress agenda and media play a big role, earthquake policy
committee can use events as evidence of the need for improved government response, news change
and density are important factors in favor of earthquake because hurricanes bunch together during a
time period, making it hard to focus on a particular event, scientific testimony 8% v. 35% earthquake.
earthquake science is less known therefore receive more attention
structural mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅centers on the built environment: dams, levees,
blast-resistant windows, concrete barriers, retrofitting, elevating homes, defensible space. Can take
place months, years, or decades before a disaster and keeps an eye to the future.
timeframe for mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅people often seem motivated after a disaster
occurs to prevent damage from happening again. Before a disaster, hard to get public attention.
Current Events - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Australia Wildfire, Great Britain winds/rainfall, Mount Etna
eruption in Silicy.
Mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the
impact of disasters. it requires: risk analysis and vulnerability identification, it is continuous, on-going
basis, make structures safer and stronger when avoidance is impossible of impractical.
Building codes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅are a collection of laws, regulations, ordinances, or other
statutory requirements adopted by a government that ensures safer buildings. Addresses new
construction and upgrades. Majority of states have enacted statewide codes which is administered
through the state department of insurance. These codes are based on the International Building Codes
(IBC) or International Residential Codes (IRC).
Enforcement and administration of codes handled locally (by city's division of building inspections) and
state provides training and certification qualifications
Wall Frame Design - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Basic isolation and vibration dampening products allow
the building to move during earthquakes. Braces, plates, and studs strengthen walls. Building height,
HUAC location, electrical, etc.
,Public Utility Line Burial - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Protection from high winds and winter storms,
fewer interruptions during storms, but are more costly to repair.
Wildfire Defensible Space - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅planned area around the home that provides
maneuvering space for firefighters, impedes raging wildfires, and prevents house fires from spreading to
the wild. Remove, Reduce, and Replace.
Storm sewers and drainage systems - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅designed by engineers and managed
by public works. Constructed with capacity to meet anticipated volume of stormwater, Increased
development require drainage system capacity improvement, Maintenance, inspection, de-silting, and
repair.
Flood Control - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅dams, floodwalls, dikes, berms, protecting watershed
upstream.
Levees - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅elongated natural occuring ridge or man fill or wall that regulates
flood levels.
Thames River in London - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅movable steel structure.
Coastal Flood Mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Seawalls: $700-$800 per foot of shoreline,
Bulkhead: $100-$300, and sand dunes.
landslides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅caused by: uprooting vegetation (e.g. development purposes),
heavy rains, earthquakes, groundwater flow. Controlled by: barrier walls, boulder net, and slope
drainage.
Problems with Structural Mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the cost for construction and
maintenance. most dams are owned by private entities. creates false sense of security and encourages
continued risky behavior. Beach nourishment=$1-$5 million per mile/application and only has a lifespan
of 2-10 years.
Many state damn safety offices are understaffed, underfunded.
Many state damn safety programs lack enforcement authority
, Non-structural mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅preserving wetlands, Interven in private
property development by: protecting environmental habitats, restricting floodplain development,
avoiding sleep slopes and landslide areas, limiting construction in ocean erodible areas, Setbacks: move
the sea further away from the shore. Public Outreach and Education: community awareness campaigns.
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
Land-use practices - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅limit hazard exposure by minimizing or eliminating
development in areas where the likelihood of hazard impact is high: capital improvement program
location and construction requirements. Acquisition of land and or relocation. land use of parks/picnic
areas, shelters in floodplain rather than homes or business. Fiscal policy: impact fees and tax incentives.
Zoning: meant to control population density, height of buildings, industry occupancy.
Drivers of Local Mitigation Activity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Organization Characteristics:
commitment, financial capacity, personnel capacity, technology capacity, and data.
Drivers of Local Mitigation Activity continued - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅community characteristics:
disaster history, population size, median home value, economic base, local leadership, state mandates.
Wetlands - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅help soak up storm surge. In New Orleans the wetlands were
destroyed because the levees prevented the river from flooding, which led to less silt and replenishment
for the wetlands.
State mandates for mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅some states have enacted legislation
requiring county/local governments to prepare land use plans.
Consequence of lacking a SHMP - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅post-disaster: only "emergency
assistance" will be funded includes debris removal and protective measures. permanent restorative
work such as restoring roads, bridges, water control facilities, public buildings, public utilities, and other
facilities that are damaged in a hazard event. And States will not be eligible if they do not have one.
Not all states mandate the mitigation plan, BUT states need it to qualify for FEMA funding.
Problems for non-structural - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅lack of political will and low importance.
Other issues seem to be of greater importance, e.g. economics, development, housing, roads, schools,
etc. federal intervention. Lack of other alternate development options. Acquisition and buyouts can be
Natural Disasters and Focusing events - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Earthquakes receive more attention
on policy than hurricanes because: congress agenda and media play a big role, earthquake policy
committee can use events as evidence of the need for improved government response, news change
and density are important factors in favor of earthquake because hurricanes bunch together during a
time period, making it hard to focus on a particular event, scientific testimony 8% v. 35% earthquake.
earthquake science is less known therefore receive more attention
structural mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅centers on the built environment: dams, levees,
blast-resistant windows, concrete barriers, retrofitting, elevating homes, defensible space. Can take
place months, years, or decades before a disaster and keeps an eye to the future.
timeframe for mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅people often seem motivated after a disaster
occurs to prevent damage from happening again. Before a disaster, hard to get public attention.
Current Events - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Australia Wildfire, Great Britain winds/rainfall, Mount Etna
eruption in Silicy.
Mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the
impact of disasters. it requires: risk analysis and vulnerability identification, it is continuous, on-going
basis, make structures safer and stronger when avoidance is impossible of impractical.
Building codes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅are a collection of laws, regulations, ordinances, or other
statutory requirements adopted by a government that ensures safer buildings. Addresses new
construction and upgrades. Majority of states have enacted statewide codes which is administered
through the state department of insurance. These codes are based on the International Building Codes
(IBC) or International Residential Codes (IRC).
Enforcement and administration of codes handled locally (by city's division of building inspections) and
state provides training and certification qualifications
Wall Frame Design - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Basic isolation and vibration dampening products allow
the building to move during earthquakes. Braces, plates, and studs strengthen walls. Building height,
HUAC location, electrical, etc.
,Public Utility Line Burial - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Protection from high winds and winter storms,
fewer interruptions during storms, but are more costly to repair.
Wildfire Defensible Space - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅planned area around the home that provides
maneuvering space for firefighters, impedes raging wildfires, and prevents house fires from spreading to
the wild. Remove, Reduce, and Replace.
Storm sewers and drainage systems - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅designed by engineers and managed
by public works. Constructed with capacity to meet anticipated volume of stormwater, Increased
development require drainage system capacity improvement, Maintenance, inspection, de-silting, and
repair.
Flood Control - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅dams, floodwalls, dikes, berms, protecting watershed
upstream.
Levees - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅elongated natural occuring ridge or man fill or wall that regulates
flood levels.
Thames River in London - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅movable steel structure.
Coastal Flood Mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Seawalls: $700-$800 per foot of shoreline,
Bulkhead: $100-$300, and sand dunes.
landslides - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅caused by: uprooting vegetation (e.g. development purposes),
heavy rains, earthquakes, groundwater flow. Controlled by: barrier walls, boulder net, and slope
drainage.
Problems with Structural Mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the cost for construction and
maintenance. most dams are owned by private entities. creates false sense of security and encourages
continued risky behavior. Beach nourishment=$1-$5 million per mile/application and only has a lifespan
of 2-10 years.
Many state damn safety offices are understaffed, underfunded.
Many state damn safety programs lack enforcement authority
, Non-structural mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅preserving wetlands, Interven in private
property development by: protecting environmental habitats, restricting floodplain development,
avoiding sleep slopes and landslide areas, limiting construction in ocean erodible areas, Setbacks: move
the sea further away from the shore. Public Outreach and Education: community awareness campaigns.
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
Land-use practices - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅limit hazard exposure by minimizing or eliminating
development in areas where the likelihood of hazard impact is high: capital improvement program
location and construction requirements. Acquisition of land and or relocation. land use of parks/picnic
areas, shelters in floodplain rather than homes or business. Fiscal policy: impact fees and tax incentives.
Zoning: meant to control population density, height of buildings, industry occupancy.
Drivers of Local Mitigation Activity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Organization Characteristics:
commitment, financial capacity, personnel capacity, technology capacity, and data.
Drivers of Local Mitigation Activity continued - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅community characteristics:
disaster history, population size, median home value, economic base, local leadership, state mandates.
Wetlands - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅help soak up storm surge. In New Orleans the wetlands were
destroyed because the levees prevented the river from flooding, which led to less silt and replenishment
for the wetlands.
State mandates for mitigation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅some states have enacted legislation
requiring county/local governments to prepare land use plans.
Consequence of lacking a SHMP - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅post-disaster: only "emergency
assistance" will be funded includes debris removal and protective measures. permanent restorative
work such as restoring roads, bridges, water control facilities, public buildings, public utilities, and other
facilities that are damaged in a hazard event. And States will not be eligible if they do not have one.
Not all states mandate the mitigation plan, BUT states need it to qualify for FEMA funding.
Problems for non-structural - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅lack of political will and low importance.
Other issues seem to be of greater importance, e.g. economics, development, housing, roads, schools,
etc. federal intervention. Lack of other alternate development options. Acquisition and buyouts can be
