AGRICULTURAL CROP DISEASE MANAGEMENT CATEGORY 1C EXAM
2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Systemic Fungicide - ✔✔absorbed into the plant tissue and may offer some after
infection activity.
✔✔Fungicide categories - ✔✔1. Preventative activity
2. Early infection activity
3. Anti Sporulant activity
✔✔Preventative activity - ✔✔Fungicide is present on the plant as a protective barrier
before the pathogen arrives or begins to develop.
✔✔Early Infection activity - ✔✔when the active ingredient of a fungicide penetrates the
plant and stops the pathogen in the plant tissues.
✔✔Anti sporulant activity - ✔✔Prevents spores from being produced.
✔✔FRAC code - ✔✔Fungicide resistance action committee code represents the mode
of action of the fungicide.
✔✔Loading fungicide in the sprayer - ✔✔mixing fungicides with too acidic or alkaline
water can reduce fungicidal activity especially for water with a pH greater than 8.0
✔✔Pesticide formulation mix order - ✔✔Wettable powders, flowables, solubles,
powders, surfacants, and emulsifiable concentrates.
✔✔Sprayer calibration and application - ✔✔Most common cause of fungicide
application failure is incorrect sprayer calibration. Sprayers should be recalibrated after
any modifications to nozzles, pressure or speed. Fungicide should be applied in the
recommended volume of water, constant speed and recommended pressure.
✔✔Environmental Considerations - ✔✔A general rule is that systemic fungicides need a
minimum of three hours on the plant surface before a rain event.
✔✔Fungicide resistance - ✔✔is the reduction in sensitivity to a fungicide by an
individual fungus. Fungicides should be periodically alternated or used in mixtures with
fungicides belonging to different chemical classes.
✔✔Leaf Spots, blights, root rots, seedling blights, wilts and stalk rots. Examples
Frogeye leaf spot of soybean, anthracnose of corn and leaf spot diseases of alfalfa and
small grains - ✔✔Symptoms of Fungi pathogen
, ✔✔Cause mosaic patterns on leaves, deformation of plant tissues, stunting and
reduced yield. Include pod mottle, Maize dwarf mosaic and barley yellow dwarf -
✔✔Typical viral symptoms
✔✔this pathogen has a life cycle which includes an egg, four juvenile stages, and an
adult. Females lay eggs that hatch into juveniles - ✔✔Nematode
✔✔Average life cycle of a Nematode - ✔✔20 to 60 days, overwinter mainly in the egg
stage
✔✔Symptoms of this pathogen include Stunting, yellowing, loss of vigor, general
decline, and eventual death of plants. - ✔✔Symptoms of Nematode infection
✔✔Spread of Inoculum - ✔✔May occur through wind, water, infected plant material,
insects, animals, birds and people
✔✔Frequently the results of damage to the root system - ✔✔Yellowing and wilting
✔✔Browning of the plants conductive tissue. - ✔✔Symptoms of Vascular wilts
✔✔If available, it is the least expensive, easiest, safest, and most effective means of
managing diseases in crops - ✔✔Resistant varieties of plants
✔✔use of resistant varieties and Biological control agents - ✔✔Biological control
methods
✔✔Pesticides that can kill both fungi and bacteria and have labels for certain field crops
- ✔✔Copper products
✔✔Fungicide formulations consisting of solid fungicide and a wetting agent. When
mixed with water they form a suspension. Suspensions can settle out quickly so an
agitator is needed in the spray tank - ✔✔Wettable powders
✔✔Fungicides that dissolve into mixing tank and release the fungicide. Reduces
exposure of mixer and loader personnel to dust . - ✔✔Water soluble pouches
✔✔Powders mixed with an inert ingredients to form a product with a low percent of
active material. - ✔✔Dusts
✔✔Should not be used because they tend to accelerate the development of resistant
populations. - ✔✔Reduced rate programs
2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Systemic Fungicide - ✔✔absorbed into the plant tissue and may offer some after
infection activity.
✔✔Fungicide categories - ✔✔1. Preventative activity
2. Early infection activity
3. Anti Sporulant activity
✔✔Preventative activity - ✔✔Fungicide is present on the plant as a protective barrier
before the pathogen arrives or begins to develop.
✔✔Early Infection activity - ✔✔when the active ingredient of a fungicide penetrates the
plant and stops the pathogen in the plant tissues.
✔✔Anti sporulant activity - ✔✔Prevents spores from being produced.
✔✔FRAC code - ✔✔Fungicide resistance action committee code represents the mode
of action of the fungicide.
✔✔Loading fungicide in the sprayer - ✔✔mixing fungicides with too acidic or alkaline
water can reduce fungicidal activity especially for water with a pH greater than 8.0
✔✔Pesticide formulation mix order - ✔✔Wettable powders, flowables, solubles,
powders, surfacants, and emulsifiable concentrates.
✔✔Sprayer calibration and application - ✔✔Most common cause of fungicide
application failure is incorrect sprayer calibration. Sprayers should be recalibrated after
any modifications to nozzles, pressure or speed. Fungicide should be applied in the
recommended volume of water, constant speed and recommended pressure.
✔✔Environmental Considerations - ✔✔A general rule is that systemic fungicides need a
minimum of three hours on the plant surface before a rain event.
✔✔Fungicide resistance - ✔✔is the reduction in sensitivity to a fungicide by an
individual fungus. Fungicides should be periodically alternated or used in mixtures with
fungicides belonging to different chemical classes.
✔✔Leaf Spots, blights, root rots, seedling blights, wilts and stalk rots. Examples
Frogeye leaf spot of soybean, anthracnose of corn and leaf spot diseases of alfalfa and
small grains - ✔✔Symptoms of Fungi pathogen
, ✔✔Cause mosaic patterns on leaves, deformation of plant tissues, stunting and
reduced yield. Include pod mottle, Maize dwarf mosaic and barley yellow dwarf -
✔✔Typical viral symptoms
✔✔this pathogen has a life cycle which includes an egg, four juvenile stages, and an
adult. Females lay eggs that hatch into juveniles - ✔✔Nematode
✔✔Average life cycle of a Nematode - ✔✔20 to 60 days, overwinter mainly in the egg
stage
✔✔Symptoms of this pathogen include Stunting, yellowing, loss of vigor, general
decline, and eventual death of plants. - ✔✔Symptoms of Nematode infection
✔✔Spread of Inoculum - ✔✔May occur through wind, water, infected plant material,
insects, animals, birds and people
✔✔Frequently the results of damage to the root system - ✔✔Yellowing and wilting
✔✔Browning of the plants conductive tissue. - ✔✔Symptoms of Vascular wilts
✔✔If available, it is the least expensive, easiest, safest, and most effective means of
managing diseases in crops - ✔✔Resistant varieties of plants
✔✔use of resistant varieties and Biological control agents - ✔✔Biological control
methods
✔✔Pesticides that can kill both fungi and bacteria and have labels for certain field crops
- ✔✔Copper products
✔✔Fungicide formulations consisting of solid fungicide and a wetting agent. When
mixed with water they form a suspension. Suspensions can settle out quickly so an
agitator is needed in the spray tank - ✔✔Wettable powders
✔✔Fungicides that dissolve into mixing tank and release the fungicide. Reduces
exposure of mixer and loader personnel to dust . - ✔✔Water soluble pouches
✔✔Powders mixed with an inert ingredients to form a product with a low percent of
active material. - ✔✔Dusts
✔✔Should not be used because they tend to accelerate the development of resistant
populations. - ✔✔Reduced rate programs
