EBIO 1210 Exam 4
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide
2025/2026
Combinations of alleles that are non-parental are called.... - ansRecombinant
Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together are called.... -
ansLinked genes
What is the advantage of doing a test cross vs. an F1xF1 cross? - ansWe know the patterns of
heredity
We can isolate what is actually going on
What is the mechanism for recombining alleles? - ansCrossing over in Meiosis I
Genetic map of a chromosome based on recombination frequencies - ansLinkage Map
One map unit = ____% recombination frequency - ans1%
Independent assortment does NOT (always) apply to genes on the same chromosome. Why
not?
A. Allele combinations on a chromosome can never be broken up
B. A combination of alleles on one chromosome is less likely to be broken up than a
combination of alleles from multiple chromosomes
C. Non-homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis
D. Meiosis makes it impossible to create non-parental
combinations of alleles in gametes. - ansB. A combination of alleles on one chromosome is
less likely to be broken up than a combination of alleles from multiple chromosomes
Why would some genes be inherited neither completely together nor completely
independently? - ansRecombination of linked genes
Suppose we are investigating two characters (e.g.,body color and wing type) in a study of
heredity. If the ratio in the offspring of parental types : recombinant types is intermediate
between the predictions of dependent assortment and independent assortment, then we should
conclude that:
A. meiosis has been disrupted in the parents used to produce the observed offspring
B. the parents used to produce the offspring have cancer
C. Mendel's law of segregation has been violated
D. This outcome should never happen because Mendel's law of independent assortment holds
for any two genes we consider
E. The genes responsible for the phenotypes we are observing are "linked," i.e., located near
each other on the same chromosome - ansE. The genes responsible for the phenotypes we are
observing are "linked," i.e., located near each other on the same chromosome
How can information about recombination frequencies be used to make a genetic map? -
ansAssume that genes that are farther apart will show higher recombination frequencies
A genetic map of chromosomes based on recombination frequencies - ansLinkage map
What is the formula for recombination frequency? - ans(# of recombinants/ total # of
Offspring) x 100
In experiments with two fruit fly characters like those we just learned about, suppose that the
raJo of the two parental types and the two recombinant types was 1:1:1:1. What would the
recombination frequency be?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
, EBIO 1210 Exam 4
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide
2025/2026
E. not enough information given - ansB. 50%
What can explain a recombination frequency of 50%? - ansGenes that are far apart on the
same chromosome behave as if they are unlinked
Can multiple crossover events PER chromosome occur? - ansYes. And these an affect
observed recombination frequencies.
What is a nucleic acid? - ansA polymer made of nucleotide monomers.
What is the 5' and 3' end of DNA? - ans5' End- Sugar phosphate backbone
3' End- Sugar (deoxyribose)
A nucleotide consists of: - ans1. A nitrogenous base
2. A sugar
3. A phosphate group
What are the three fundamental building blocks of DNA? - ans1. Nitrogenous base
2. 5-carbon sugar
3. Phosphate group
The sugar phosphate backbone is around the outside of a double stranded molecule with
nitrogenous bases in the middle
Name the 4 different nitrogenous bases: - ans1. Thymine
2. Adenine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine
Different sequences of the 4 possible nucleotides make up the different genetic code of every
living organism
What is Chargaff's Rule? - ans% Adenine = % Thymine
% Cytosine = % Guanine
Suppose that 22% of an organism's genome is the nucleotide guanine (G). What else do you
know about the organism?
A. Nothing
B. It must have 22% A
C. It must have 22% C, 22% T, 22%A, and 12% something else
D. It must have 22% C, 28% A, and 28% T
E. It must have 22% A, 28% C, and 28% T - ansD. 22% C, 28% A, and 28% T
The phosphate group in a single nucleotide is attached to the ____' carbon atom of the sugar.
- ans5'
How do two strands of DNA form a double helix? - ans****The strands of DNA run in an
antiparallel manner
- The phosphate group in a single nucleotide is attached to the 5' carbon atom of the sugar
- Adjacent nucleotides are linked phosphate to 3' carbon atom--- This forms the backbone
- Antiparallel arrangement allows proper base pairing
During what phase does DNA replication occur? - ansS Phase of Interphase
How is DNA replicated? - ansEach strand can serve as a template for a new strand containing
exactly the same information.... essential for heredity!
In DNA replication, what happens to the original, "parent" DNA molecule (parent molecule =
the double-stranded DNA molecule present before replication starts)?
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide
2025/2026
Combinations of alleles that are non-parental are called.... - ansRecombinant
Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together are called.... -
ansLinked genes
What is the advantage of doing a test cross vs. an F1xF1 cross? - ansWe know the patterns of
heredity
We can isolate what is actually going on
What is the mechanism for recombining alleles? - ansCrossing over in Meiosis I
Genetic map of a chromosome based on recombination frequencies - ansLinkage Map
One map unit = ____% recombination frequency - ans1%
Independent assortment does NOT (always) apply to genes on the same chromosome. Why
not?
A. Allele combinations on a chromosome can never be broken up
B. A combination of alleles on one chromosome is less likely to be broken up than a
combination of alleles from multiple chromosomes
C. Non-homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis
D. Meiosis makes it impossible to create non-parental
combinations of alleles in gametes. - ansB. A combination of alleles on one chromosome is
less likely to be broken up than a combination of alleles from multiple chromosomes
Why would some genes be inherited neither completely together nor completely
independently? - ansRecombination of linked genes
Suppose we are investigating two characters (e.g.,body color and wing type) in a study of
heredity. If the ratio in the offspring of parental types : recombinant types is intermediate
between the predictions of dependent assortment and independent assortment, then we should
conclude that:
A. meiosis has been disrupted in the parents used to produce the observed offspring
B. the parents used to produce the offspring have cancer
C. Mendel's law of segregation has been violated
D. This outcome should never happen because Mendel's law of independent assortment holds
for any two genes we consider
E. The genes responsible for the phenotypes we are observing are "linked," i.e., located near
each other on the same chromosome - ansE. The genes responsible for the phenotypes we are
observing are "linked," i.e., located near each other on the same chromosome
How can information about recombination frequencies be used to make a genetic map? -
ansAssume that genes that are farther apart will show higher recombination frequencies
A genetic map of chromosomes based on recombination frequencies - ansLinkage map
What is the formula for recombination frequency? - ans(# of recombinants/ total # of
Offspring) x 100
In experiments with two fruit fly characters like those we just learned about, suppose that the
raJo of the two parental types and the two recombinant types was 1:1:1:1. What would the
recombination frequency be?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
, EBIO 1210 Exam 4
Latest Updated Exam Study Guide
2025/2026
E. not enough information given - ansB. 50%
What can explain a recombination frequency of 50%? - ansGenes that are far apart on the
same chromosome behave as if they are unlinked
Can multiple crossover events PER chromosome occur? - ansYes. And these an affect
observed recombination frequencies.
What is a nucleic acid? - ansA polymer made of nucleotide monomers.
What is the 5' and 3' end of DNA? - ans5' End- Sugar phosphate backbone
3' End- Sugar (deoxyribose)
A nucleotide consists of: - ans1. A nitrogenous base
2. A sugar
3. A phosphate group
What are the three fundamental building blocks of DNA? - ans1. Nitrogenous base
2. 5-carbon sugar
3. Phosphate group
The sugar phosphate backbone is around the outside of a double stranded molecule with
nitrogenous bases in the middle
Name the 4 different nitrogenous bases: - ans1. Thymine
2. Adenine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine
Different sequences of the 4 possible nucleotides make up the different genetic code of every
living organism
What is Chargaff's Rule? - ans% Adenine = % Thymine
% Cytosine = % Guanine
Suppose that 22% of an organism's genome is the nucleotide guanine (G). What else do you
know about the organism?
A. Nothing
B. It must have 22% A
C. It must have 22% C, 22% T, 22%A, and 12% something else
D. It must have 22% C, 28% A, and 28% T
E. It must have 22% A, 28% C, and 28% T - ansD. 22% C, 28% A, and 28% T
The phosphate group in a single nucleotide is attached to the ____' carbon atom of the sugar.
- ans5'
How do two strands of DNA form a double helix? - ans****The strands of DNA run in an
antiparallel manner
- The phosphate group in a single nucleotide is attached to the 5' carbon atom of the sugar
- Adjacent nucleotides are linked phosphate to 3' carbon atom--- This forms the backbone
- Antiparallel arrangement allows proper base pairing
During what phase does DNA replication occur? - ansS Phase of Interphase
How is DNA replicated? - ansEach strand can serve as a template for a new strand containing
exactly the same information.... essential for heredity!
In DNA replication, what happens to the original, "parent" DNA molecule (parent molecule =
the double-stranded DNA molecule present before replication starts)?
